Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Final > Antiviral Agents > Flashcards

Antiviral Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are viruses that respond well to antiviral therapy?

A

-influenza A and some respiratory viruses
-herpes viruses
-cytomegalovirus (CMV)
-HIV that causes acquired-immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
-hepatitis B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antivirals across the lifespan of children

A

-More severe reactions expected
-No proven safety for many; extreme caution should be used
-Doses should be calculated by weight
-Monitor closely

particularly vulnerable to the effects on the kidneys, bone marrow, and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antivirals across the lifespan of adults

A

-Antibiotics won’t work for viral infections
-Drugs do not cure the disease (no cure for HIV)
-Caution in pregnancy
-Advise childbearing women to use contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antivirals across the lifespan of older adults

A

-More susceptible to adverse effects; monitor closely
-Hepatic/renal dysfunction may be worsened by these medications
-Dose may need to be lowered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Agents used for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses?

A

● Amantadine - influenza A, West Nile virus, and Parkinson’s disease
●Oseltamivir - influenza A & B ( can reduce severity if taken shortly after symptoms begin)
●Peramivir - acute influenza (IV med for patients who cannot take oral antiviral meds)
●Rimantadine - influenza A
●Zanamivir - Influenza A & B (inhaled med)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
What are the indications?

A

Treatment and reduction of severity of respiratory viruses and influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
What are the actions?

A

prevents viral replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
What are the contraindications?

A

Allergy, renal impairment, pregnancy, or lactating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
What are the adverse effects?

A

Dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension and urinary retention; peramivir associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

these influenza agents have an effect on dopamine levels - so they can cause some disturbances and mood and sleep patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nursing considerations for patients receiving agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses
Assessment:

A

-Assess for contraindications or cautions (asking pts for any liver or kidney problems)
-Perform a physical assessment
-Assess for orientation and reflexes; vital signs; urinary output; and skin
-Monitor renal and hepatic function tests
-Assess mood, anxiety, sleep
-Monitor BP for orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nursing considerations for patients receiving agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to GI, CNS, or GU effects of the drug
-Altered sensory perception (kinesthetic) related to CNS effects of the drug
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nursing considerations for patients receiving agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses
Implementation:

A

-Start the drug regimen as soon after exposure to the virus as possible, usually within 2 days of the start of symptoms
-Administer influenza A vaccine before the flu season begins, if at all possible
-Administer the full course of the drug
-Provide safety provisions if CNS effects occur
-Instruct the patient about the appropriate dosage-scheduling regimen; safety
precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nursing considerations for patients receiving agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses
Evaluation:

A

-Monitor patient response to the drug (prevention of respiratory flulike symptoms, alleviation of flulike symptoms).
-Monitor for adverse effects (changes in orientation and affect, blood pressure, urinary output, skin changes, and/or liver or renal function test changes).
-Determine the effectiveness of the teaching plan. The patient should be able to name the drug, dosage, possible adverse effects to watch for, and specific measures to help to avoid or minimize adverse effects.
-Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and adherence to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus
Drug names/ suffixes?

A

(-clovir)
●Acyclovir - genital herpes, cold sores, chicken pox and shingles
●Ganciclovir - cytomegalovirus (CMV) (organ transplant, HIV, AIDS pts)
●Valacyclovir - genital herpes, cold sores and shingles
●Valganciclovir - treat and prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) (organ transplant, HIV, AIDS pts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus (-clovir)
What are the actions/ indications?

A

Inhibit viral DNA replication; treatment of HSV and CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus (-clovir)
What are the contraindications?

A

-Known allergy, highly toxic in pregnancy and lactation and renal disease, severe CNS disorders (Alzheimer’s, stroke, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy should not take these drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus (-clovir)
What are the adverse effects?

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache, rash, and hair loss, paresthesias, neuropathy and renal dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus (-clovir)
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

Nephrotoxic drugs, zidovudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for Herpes Virus and CMV
Assessment:

A

-Assess for contraindications and cautions (renal or neurological disorders)
-Perform a physical assessment
-Assess orientation and reflexes
-Examine skin (color, temperature, and lesions)
-Evaluate renal function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for Herpes Virus and CMV
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to GI, CNS, or local effects of the drug
-Impaired sensory (kinesthetic) perception related to CNS effects of the drug
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for Herpes Virus and CMV
Implementation:

A

-Administer the drug ASAP after the diagnosis has been made
-Ensure good hydration (reduce risk of kidney damage)
-Ensure that the patient takes the complete course of the drug regimen
-Wear protective gloves when applying the drug topically
-Provide safety precautions
-Warn the patient that GI upset, nausea, and vomiting can occur
-Monitor renal function tests periodically during treatment
-Provide patient teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for Herpes Virus and CMV
Evaluation:

A

-Monitor patient response to the drug (alleviation of signs and symptoms of herpes or CMV infection).
-Monitor for adverse effects (orientation and affect, GI upset, and renal function).
-Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan. The patient should be able to name the drug, dosage, possible adverse effects to watch for, and specific measures to help avoid adverse effects.
-Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and
adherence to the regimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agents for HIV and AIDS
What are the drugs in this class?

A

●Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Delavirdine, Efavirenz, Nevirapine

●Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
-Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Tenofovir, Zidovudine

●Protease inhibitors
-Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Tipranavir

●Fusion inhibitors
-Enfuvirtide

●CCR5 coreceptor antagonists
-Maraviroc

●Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
-Dolutegravir, raltegravir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
What drugs are in this class?

A

●Delavirdine
●Efavirenz
●Nevirapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
What drugs are in this class?

A

●Abacavir
●Emtricitabine
●Lamivudine
●Tenofovir
●Zidovudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Protease Inhibitors (-navir)
What drugs are in this class?

A

●Darunavir
●Fosamprenavir
●Lopinavir
●Ritonavir
●Tipranavir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fusion Inhibitors
What drugs are in this class?

A

Enfuvirtide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
What drugs are in this class?

A

Maraviroc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What drugs are in this class?

A

●Dolutegravir, raltegravir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Drug class: NNRTI
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Bind directly to HIV reverse transcriptase,
blocking both RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Drug class: NNRTI
What are the contraindications?

A

Allergy, pregnancy and lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Drug class: NNRTI
What are the adverse effects?

A

dry mouth, abdominal pain, n/v, constipation,
diarrhea, dizziness, blurred vision, headache, flu-like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Drug class: NNRTI
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

Too many to list consult a resource before adding any new meds to pts regimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Drug class: NRTI
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Compete with naturally occurring nucleosides within the cell that the virus would use to build the DNA chain. (For HIV)

preferred method f treatment for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Drug class: NRTI
What are the contraindications?

A

Allergy, lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Drug class: NRTI
What are the cautions?

A

hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, bone marrow suppression

37
Q

Drug class: NRTI
What are the adverse effects?

A

hypersensitivity, pancreatitis, hepatomegaly, neurological
problems, bone marrow suppression

very serious, even deadly allergic reactions have been reported with these meds

38
Q

Drug class: NRTI
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

Many- refer to resource before adding meds to pts regimen

39
Q

Drug class: Protease Inhibitors (-Navir)
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Block protease activity within the HIV virus

40
Q

Drug class: Protease Inhibitors (-Navir)
What are the contraindications?

A

Lactation and hepatic dysfunction

preferred during pregnancy

41
Q

Drug class: Protease Inhibitors (-Navir)
What are the adverse effects?

A

GI effects, changes in liver function, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, redistribution of fat, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

42
Q

Drug class: Protease Inhibitors (-Navir)
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

Many- do not combine with other hepatotoxic meds (increased risk for liver damage)

43
Q

Drug class: Fusion Inhibitors
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Prevents the fusion of the virus with the human cellular membrane

44
Q

Drug class: Fusion Inhibitors
What are the contraindications?

A

Allergy, lactation

45
Q

Drug class: Fusion Inhibitors
What are the cautions?

A

lung disease and pregnancy

*can exacerbate respiratory problems due to the potential side effects of cough and pneumonia *

46
Q

Drug class: Fusion Inhibitors
What are the adverse effects?

A

Insomnia, depression, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, diarrhea, pneumonia, injection site reactions

47
Q

Drug class: Fusion Inhibitors
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

No reported drug interactions

48
Q

Drug class: CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Blocks the receptor site on the cell membrane to which the
HIV virus needs to interact to enter the cell

49
Q

Drug class: CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
What are the contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity, nursing mothers and liver disease

50
Q

Drug class: CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
What are the adverse effects?

A

Dizziness and changes in consciousness, URIs; BBW severe hepatotoxicity

51
Q

Drug class: CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

Many

52
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the actions/indications?

A

●Action/Indications –inhibit the activity of the virus-specific enzyme integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication. Treatment of HIV

53
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the contraindications?

A

Hypersensitivity

54
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the cautions?

A

rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, pregnancy

55
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the adverse effects?

A

Headache, dizziness, insomnia, weight gain, liver failure, renal impairment, and suicidal ideation

56
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

decreased serum levels of either drug if combined with rifampin

57
Q

Drug class: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (-gravir)
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

decreased serum levels of either drug if combined with rifampin

58
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for HIV and AIDS
Assessments:

A

-Assess for contraindications and cautions
-Perform a physical assessment (skin, CNS, GI, renal, and hepatic)
-Assess level of orientation and reflexes
-Examine the skin (color, temperature, and lesions)
-Check temperature
-Evaluate CBC, hepatic and renal function tests. ALT/AST, creatinine, and BUN

59
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for HIV and AIDS
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to GI, CNS, or dermatological effects of the drugs
-Altered sensory (kinesthetic) perception related to CNS effects of the drugs
-Malnutrition related to GI effects of the drugs
-Injury related to CNS effects of the drugs
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy 28

60
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for HIV and AIDS
Implementation:

A

-Monitor renal and hepatic function before and periodically during therapy
-Ensure that the patient takes the complete course of the drug regimen and takes all drugs included in a particular combination
-Administer the drug around the clock, if indicated
-Monitor nutritional status
-Stop drug if severe rash occurs
-Provide safety precautions
-Teach the patient that these drugs do not cure the disease
-Provide patient teaching

61
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for HIV and AIDS
Evaluation:

A

-Evaluate drug effects (relief of signs and symptoms of AIDS and ARC stabilization of helper T-cell levels) = monitoring CBCs
-Monitor for adverse effects (GI alterations, dizziness, confusion, headache, fever)
-Monitor for drug–drug interactions as indicated for each drug
-Evaluate effectiveness of patient teaching plan, comfort and safety
measures

62
Q

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
What are the drugs in this class?

A

●Adefovir; entecavir

63
Q

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications- Inhibits reverse transcriptase in the hepatitis B virus and causes DNA chain termination

64
Q

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
What are the contraindications?

A

Known allergy, lactation

65
Q

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
What are the adverse effects?

A

Most significant are headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and elevated liver enzymes, renal
impairment, lactic acidosis

66
Q

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

increased risk of renal toxicity if these drugs are taken with other nephrotoxic drugs

67
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis B Agents
Assessment:

A

-Assess for contraindications or cautions (renal or hepatic impairment)
-Perform a physical assessment
-Assess body temperature
-Assess level of orientation and reflexes
-Evaluate renal and liver function tests

68
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis B Agents
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to the CNS and GI effects of the drug
-Malnutrition related to the GI effects of the drug
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy

69
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis B Agents
Implementation:

A

-Monitor renal and hepatic function prior to and periodically during therapy
-Withdraw the drug and monitor the patient if he or she develops signs of lactic acidosis or hepatotoxicity
-Caution patient to not run out of this drug
-Advise women of childbearing age to use barrier contraceptives
-Advise women who are breastfeeding to find another method of feeding the baby
-Advise patients that there is still a risk of transferring the disease
-Provide patient teaching 33

70
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis B Agents
Evaluation:

A

-Monitor patient response to the drug (decreased viral load of HBV).
-Monitor for adverse effects, including liver or renal dysfunction, headache, nausea, and diarrhea.
-Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan. The patient should be able to name the drug, dosage, possible adverse effects to watch for, and specific measures to avoid adverse effects.
-Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and adherence to the drug regimen.

71
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are drugs in this class?

A

●velpatasvir-sofosbuvir; ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; glecaprevir-
pibrentasvir; elbasvir-grazoprevir

72
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the actions/indications?

A

●Action/Indications- alters viral replication; used in combination
to treat chronic hepatitis C

Hep C can be cured

73
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the contraindications?

A

Known allergy, pregnancy, lactation

74
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the cautions?

A

Several liver disease

75
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the adverse effects?

A

Most common HA, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, rash, and severe skin reactions

76
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

protease inhibitors; St. John’s wort

77
Q

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
What are the drug-drug interactions?

A

protease inhibitors; St. John’s wort

78
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis C Agents
Assessment:

A

-Assess for contraindications or cautions (allergy or liver impairment)
-Perform a physical assessment
-Assess body temperature
-Assess level of orientation and reflexes
-Evaluate liver function

79
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis C Agents
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to the CNS and GI effects of the drug
-Malnutrition related to the GI effects of the drug
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy

80
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis C Agents
Implementation:

A

-Monitor hepatic function prior to and periodically during therapy
-Advise women of childbearing age to use barrier contraceptives
-Advise women who are breastfeeding to find another method of feeding the baby
-Advise patients that these drugs do not immediately cure the disease (8-12 weeks to work)
-Provide patient teaching

81
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Anti–Hepatitis C Agents
Evaluation:

A

-Monitor patient response to the drug (decreased viral load of hepatitis C).
-Monitor for adverse effects, including liver dysfunction, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and rash.
-Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan. The patient should be able to name the drug, dosage, possible adverse effects to watch for, and specific measures to avoid adverse effects.
-Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and adherence to the drug regimen.

82
Q

Locally Active Antiviral Agents
What are the drug names in this class?

A

●Docosanol; ganciclovir; penciclovir, acyclovir

83
Q

Locally Active Antiviral Agents
What are the actions/indications?

A

Action/Indications – Act on viruses by interfering with normal viral replication and metabolic processes; for specific, local viral infections

84
Q

Locally Active Antiviral Agents
What are the contraindications?

A

Allergy to the drug

85
Q

Locally Active Antiviral Agents
What are the adverse effects?

A

Local burning, stinging, and discomfort

86
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Assessment:

A

-Assess for history of allergy
-Perform a physical assessment
-Assess the infected area, including location, size, and character of lesions
-Evaluate for signs of inflammation at the site of infection

87
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Nursing diagnoses:

A

-Impaired comfort related to local effects of the drug
-Knowledge deficit regarding drug therapy

88
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Implementation:

A

-Ensure proper administration of the drug (don’t apply on open wounds)
-Stop the drug if severe local reaction occurs or if open lesions occur near the site of administration
-Instruct the patient about the drug being used
-Teach that these drugs do not cure the disease
-Encourage the patient to report severe local reaction or discomfor

89
Q

Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Evaluation:

A

-Monitor patient response to the drug (alleviation of signs and symptoms of viral infection).
-Monitor for adverse effects, including local irritation and discomfort.
-Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan. The patient should be able to name the drug, the dosage, proper administration technique, and adverse effects to watch for and report to a health care provider.
-Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and adherence to the regimen.

Pharm Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions