Vitamins & Minerals

Question 1

Ecchymosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 1

Vitamin K
Vitamin C

Question 2

Dermatitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 2

Niacin
Riboflavin
Zinc
Biotin
EFA

Question 3

Follicular hyperkeratosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Question 4

Petechiae may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 4

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin K

Question 5

Follicular hyperkeratosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 5

Vitamin A

Question 6

Pigmentation changes may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 6

Niacin

Question 7

Pressure ulcers and delayed wound healing may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 7

Vitamin C
Zinc

Question 8

Psoriasiform rash may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 8

Zinc

Question 9

Eczematous scaling may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 9

Zinc

Question 10

Purpura may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 10

Vitamin C
Vitamin K

Question 11

Scrotal dermatosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 11

Riboflavin

Question 12

Pallor may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 12

Iron
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Copper
Vitamin E

Question 13

Thickening and dryness of skin may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 13

Linoleic acid

Question 14

Dyspigmentation and easy pluckability may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

Alopecia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 15

Zinc
Biotin

Question 16

Night blindess, xerosis, bitot spots, and keratomalacia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 16

Vitamin A

Question 17

Photophobia, blurring, conjuctival inflammation, corneal vascularization may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 17

Riboflavin

Question 18

Angular stomatitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 18

Riboflavin
Iron

Question 19

Bleeding gums may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 19

Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Riboflavin

Question 20

Cheilosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 20

Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin B6

Question 21

Dental caries may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 21

Fluroide

Question 22

Hypogeusia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 22

Zinc
Vitamin A

Question 23

Glossitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 23

Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

Question 24

Nasolabial seborrhea may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 24

Vitamin B6

Question 25

Papillary atrophy or smooth tongue may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 25

Riboflavin Niacin Iron

Question 26

Fissuring, scarlet, or raw tongue may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 26

Niacin Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin B6

Question 27

Goiter may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 27

Iodine

Question 28

Thoracic achitic rosary may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 28

Vitamin D

Question 29

Diarrhea may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 29

Niacin Folate Vitamin B12

Question 30

Heart failure may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 30

Thiamin Selenium Iron (anemia)

Question 31

Hypogonadism may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 31

Zinc

Question 32

Ataxia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 32

Vitamin B12 Vitamin B6

Question 33

Bone ache and joint pain may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 33

Vitamin C

Question 34

Bone tenderness and kyphosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 34

Vitamin D Calcium

Question 35

Edema may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 35

Thiamin Protein

Question 36

Hyporeflexia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 36

Thiamin

Question 37

Muscle wasting and weakness may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 37

Vitamin D Magnesium

Question 38

Tenderness at end of long bones may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 38

Vitamin D

Question 39

Spooning (koilonychias) may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 39

Iron

Question 40

Dementia, delirium, and disorientation may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 40

Niacin Thiamin Vitamin E

Question 41

Loss of reflexes, wrist droop, and foot drop may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 41

Thiamin

Question 42

Opthalmoplegia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 42

Vitamin E Thiamin

Question 43

Peripheral neuropathy may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 43

Thiamin Vitamin E Vitamin B12

Question 44

Tetany may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

Answer 44

Vitamin D Calcium Magnesium

Question 45

Deficiency of which vitamin or mineral can result in Wernicke's encephalopathy?

Answer 45

Thiamin (B1)

Question 46

The scientific name for Vitamin B1?

Answer 46

Thiamin

Question 47

Deficiency of which vitamin or mineral can result in Korsakoff's psychosis?

Answer 47

Thiamin (B1)

Question 48

Dietary restriction associated with Atkins, Ornish, LEARN, and Zone diets is associated with lower intake and blood serum levels of which vitamin or mineral?

Answer 48

Thiamin (B1)

Question 49

Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Question 50

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

Question 51

Nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Question 52

Nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

Question 53

The precursor to Coenzyme A (CoA) and Acyl-carrier protein (ACP).

Answer 53

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Question 54

What vitamin is consider "possibly effective" by the NIH for upset stomach, vomiting during pregnancy, PMS symptoms, oxalate kidney stones, and macular degeneration?

Answer 54

Pyroxidine (B6)

Question 55

What vitamin is consider "possibly effective" by the NIH for movement disorders in people taking mental health medications and reducing lung cancer risk in men who smoke?

Answer 55

Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 56

What vitamin has been used to treat diabetes during pregnancy, carpal tunnel syndrome, asthma, depression, and diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 56

Pyridoxine (B6) *as pyridoxine hydrochloride

Question 57

Alcohol dependence, Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis, and short bowel syndrome increase the risk of which vitamin deficiency?

Answer 57

Folate (B9)

Question 58

Supplementation of which nutrient can reverse macrocytic anemia related to pernicious anemia, but not neurological damage?

Answer 58

Folate (B9)

Question 59

An estimated 60% of individuals with high homocysteine levels have poor/low intake of what nutrient?

Answer 59

Folate (B9)

Question 60

People lacking intrinsic factor (IF); with autoimmunie inactivation of IF; living with their terminal ileum removed; taking PPIs; or living with achloyridria are at risk of developing which anemia?

Answer 60

Pernicious anemia (B12)

Question 61

What are the major minerals?

Answer 61

Calcium Chloride Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Sodium Sulfur

Question 62

What are the minor/micro/trace minerals?

Answer 62

Chromimum Copper Fluoride Iodide Iron Maganese Molybdenum Selenium Zinc

Question 63

What are the ultra trace minerals?

Answer 63

Cobalt Arsenic Boron Cadmium Nickel Silicon Tin Vanadium

Question 64

High protein diets increase urinary excretion of which nutrient?

Answer 64

Calcium

Question 65

When calcium levels in blood are elevated, (which hormone) is released from parafollicular cells in the _____ gland.

Answer 65

Calcitonin; thyroid

Question 66

The release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are elevated... 1: [prevents/promotes] bone from releasing calcium, and 2: [prevents/promotes] calcium excretion.

Answer 66

Prevents; promotes

Question 67

A lack of which nutrients is associated with Rickets?

Answer 67

Vitamin D Calcium Phosphorus

Question 68

People with a hyperactive parathyroid gland, excessive vitamin D intake, and some cancers (breast and lung) are at risk of which nutrient toxicity?

Answer 68

Hypercalcemia

Question 69

Non-heme iron requires an _____ gastric pH to convert ferric (Fe3+) to ____ (____) before absorption and conversion to ____ (____) after absorption in the ____ mucosal cells.

Answer 69

acidic ferrous (Fe2+) ferric (Fe3+) intestinal

Question 70

Zinc supplementation should not be taken with iron or ____ without food because these interfere with zinc absorption.

Answer 70

calcium

Question 71

Long-term high dosage zinc supplementation can cause deficiency of which nutrient?

Answer 71

Copper

Question 72

Thiazide diuretics and excessive laxative use can cause a deficiency of which nutrient?

Answer 72

Potassium

Question 73

A lack of iodine decreases production of thyroid hormones (__ and ___), which results in thyroid hypertrophy and ___ development.

Answer 73

T3 and T4 goiter

Question 74

What are examples of carotenoids?

Answer 74

beta-carotene lycopene lutein zeaxanthin beta-cryptoxanthi

Question 75

What are examples of flavonoids

Answer 75

Resveratrol Anthocyanidins Quercetins Isoflavones Catechin

Question 76

What are examples of sulfur componds?

Answer 76

Sulphoraphane Indoles Ellagic acid Alliins Glucosinolates

Question 77

Foods containing beta-carotene

Answer 77

Leafy greens yellow vegetables

Question 78

Foods containing lycopene

Answer 78

tomatoes, guava, pink grapefruit, watermelon

Question 79

Foods containing lutein

Answer 79

Spinach, kale, cabbbage, swiss chard, broccoli, brussels sprouts, turnips, collard greens

Question 80

Foods containing zeaxanthin

Answer 80

Carrots, peaches, green oranges, mangoes, corn, eggs, citrus fruits

Question 81

Foods containing beta-cryptoxanthin

Answer 81

Citrus, peaches, apricots,

Question 82

Foods containing resveratrol

Answer 82

Red grapes, red wine

Question 83

Foods containing anthocyanidins

Answer 83

Blueberries, raspberries, acai, eggplant, red grapes, black currant

Question 84

Foods containing quercetins

Answer 84

Kale, apples

Question 85

Foods containing isoflavones

Answer 85

Soybeans, tofu, soy products

Question 86

Foods containing catechin

Answer 86

Tea, wine

Question 87

Foods coontaining sulphoraphane

Answer 87

Broccoli

Question 88

Foods containing indoles

Answer 88

cruciferous vegetables

Question 89

Foods containing ellagic acid

Answer 89

Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries

Question 90

Foods containing alliins

Answer 90

onions, garlic, scallions, leeks, chives

Question 91

Foods containing glucosinolates

Answer 91

Cruciferous vegetables

Question 92

What color of foods is lycopene associated with?

Answer 92

Red

Question 93

What color of foods with anthocyanins and ellagic acid associated with

Answer 93

Red/purple

Question 94

What color are foods with alpha- and beta-carotene associated with?

Answer 94

Orange

Question 95

What color are foods contain beta-cryptoxanthin and flavinoids associated with?

Answer 95

Orange/yellow

Question 96

What color are foods containing lutein and zeaxanthin associated with

Answer 96

Yellow/green

Question 97

What color are foods containing sulforaphanes and indoles associated with?

Answer 97

Green

Question 98

What color are foods containing allyl sulphides associated with

Answer 98

White/Green

Question 99

What are the phytoestrogens in soy?

Answer 99

Genistein Daidzein