Lifecycle Nutrition

Question 1

Maternal nutrient depletion may be associated with increased risk of…

Answer 1

pre-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and/or maternal morbidity/mortality

Question 2

Weight gain during the first half of gestation associated with _______. In the second half weight gain is associated with ____ and _____. Rapid weight gain at end of gestation is related to ____.

Answer 2

1) increase in maternal stores and fluid status
2) increase in maternal stores and fluid status; fetal growth
3) Tissue edema

Question 3

Most weight gain “should” be seen during which period of pregnancy?

Answer 3

18-30 weeks; or end of second trimester/early third trimester

Question 4

What is the recommended weight gain for pregnant women with an underweight BMI?
… normal weight?
….overweight?
… obese?
… twins (at normal, overweight, and obese BMIs)?
…multiples?

Answer 4

28-40 lbs
25-35 lbs
15-25 lbs
11-20 lbs
37-54 lbs, 31-50 lbs, 25-42 lbs
Unknown

Question 5

What are the recommendations for increasing calorie intake during pregnancy during each trimester?

Answer 5

1st: N/A
2nd: + 340kcal/day
3rd: + 452 kcal/day

Question 5

What is the recommended calorie intake for pregnant women/kg?

Answer 5

32kcal/kg

Question 6

What amount of protein is recommended for pregnant women?

Answer 6

71 g/day

Question 6

What is the folate RDA for pregnant women?

Answer 6

600 mcg/day

Question 7

What forms of calcium supplementation are recommended for pregnant women?

Answer 7

Carbonate, gluconate, lactate, citrate

Question 8

Execessive intake of which vitamin can result in spontaneous abortion and fetal malformations?

Answer 8

Vitamin A

Question 9

Constipation during pregnancy is common because the hormone, ____, relaxes smooth muscle in the colon and decreases ____

Answer 9

progesterone, peristalsis

Question 10

Lead contamination/exposure can result in…?

Answer 10

spontaneous abortion ,decreased stature, and impaired fetal neuro-cognitive development

Question 11

The increase of which hormone in early pregnancy, peaking at 12 weeks, is associated with nausea and vomiting?

Answer 11

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 12

What causes heartburn and indigestion in pregnancy?

Answer 12

Movement of organs –> limited gastric capacity/motility; gastric content reflux

Question 13

What is colostrum?

Answer 13

Milk produced in first few days of lactation.
High concentration of protein, immunoglobins, beta-carotene, sodium, potassium, chloride, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and hormones.
Promotes growth of bifidus flora, maturation of GI tract and meconium passage

Question 14

What is transitional milk?

Answer 14

Milk produced 1-2 weeks post-partum.
High concentration of fat, lactose,
Lower concentration of protein, minerals

Question 15

What is mature milk?

Answer 15

Around 15th day of lactation through end of lactation.
Emulsified fat and lactose; nutritionally optimized for first 6 months of life
20-22 kcal/oz

Question 16

Dietary supplementation recommendation for vitamin D in breast fed infants??

Answer 16

400 IU

Question 17

How many kcal required to produce 100 mL of breast milk?

Answer 17

85 kcal