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NUTRITION FINAL > Vitamins General > Flashcards

Vitamins General Flashcards

1
Q

Coenzyme

A

organic non-protein substance that binds to an enzyme to promote activity of the enzyme with which it is bound

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2
Q

Vitamin

A

essential macronutrient
needed in only small amounts
organic compounds

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3
Q

Role of Vitamins in the body

A

promote and regulate body processes necessary for growth, reproduction, maintenance of health and life

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4
Q

Vitamins are divided into two groups of solubility

A

Water-soluble

fat-soluble

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5
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A

B vitamins, Vitamin C

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6
Q

Fat-Soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

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7
Q

where are vitamins found?

A

naturally in food groups, including oils

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8
Q

which food groups lacks B12?

A

grains, fruits, vegetables

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9
Q

which food groups lack Vitamin C?

A

grains, dairy, protein

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10
Q

fortification

A

gov’t mandated to address macronutrient deficiences

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11
Q

voluntary fortification

A

NOT MANDATED

increased risk for exceeding tolerable upper intake limits

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12
Q

what helps to release vitamins from food

A

Mouth - mechanical digestion

stomach - chemical digestion

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13
Q

vitamin absorption mainly takes place in the….

A

small intestine, aided by pancreatic digestive enzymes

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14
Q

water-soluble vitamins need assistance to be absorbed by mucosal cells

A 
transport system (energy needed) or bind to specific molecule
-once absorbed, able to directly into bloodstream.
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15
Q

fat-soluble vitamins absorption happens through…

A

micelles and chylomicrons

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16
Q

fat soluble vitamins absoprtion - micelles

A
  • products of fat digestion
  • bile surrounds these droplets
  • facilitates absorption (simple diffusion)
17
Q

fat soluble vitamins absorption - chylomicrons

A

comprised of newly reassembled TGs, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins that are packaged with phsopholipids and proteins

  • too big to enter capillaries
  • enter lymphs
  • delivers TG to cells in body
18
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

bacteria can make a small amount of vitamins

19
Q

bioavailibility

A

extend to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient

20
Q

vitamin bioavailability is influenced by

A
  • composition of diet
  • conditions of the GI tract
  • rest of the body (too low fat diet and not enough circulating blood proteins)
21
Q

some vitamins are absorbed in an inactive form

A

provitamins or vitamin precursor: compound in inactive vitamins that us converted to active form in the body

22
Q

antioxidant

A

substance that decreases adverse effects of reactive molecules on normal physiological functions. they protect against oxidative damage

23
Q

highly reactive molecule

A

damage caused by highly reactive molecules that steal electrons from other compounds, causing changes in structure and function

24
Q

free radical

A

type of highly reactice molecule

25
Q

which vitamins are antioxidants?

A

Vitamin C and E

26
Q

vitamin needs are met by

A

meeting calorie needs
consuming nutrient dense food
eating diet patterns suggested by myplate and DGoA

27
Q

High Source of Vitamins (Daily Value)

A

20% or more

28
Q

good source of vitamins (daily values)

A

10% - 19%

29
Q

poor source of vitamins (daily value)

A

5% or less

30
Q

B Vitamins

A
  • easily absorbed
  • they are stored in the body to any large extent - excess in the urine
  • need to be consumed regularly
  • obtaining water soluble vitamins from foods will be toxic
  • toxic levels can occur with supplementation even though excess is excreted
31
Q

Every Vitamin is part of …

A

one or more coenzymes

32
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking apart (destructive) component of metabolism that releases energy

33
Q

anabolism

A

constructive part of metabolism where new material is made

34
Q

Bi vitamins, directly or indirectly, are involved in

A

energy metabolism

35
Q

active form of thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and biotin

A

directly involved in converting energy to ATP

36
Q

B vitamins do NOT provide us with energy

A

they help with extracting energy

37
Q

Folate and B12

A

coenzymes - needed to make DNA and RNA , needed for making new cells

38
Q

Vitamin B6 helps with the synthesis of

A

hemoglobin

NUTRITION FINAL (6 decks)

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