B Vitamins

Question 1

Thiamin Major Functions

Answer 1

part of a coenzyme

• aids in the breakdown to provide energy
• needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

Question 2

thiamin is a coenzyme is especially important for nerve function

Answer 2

thiamin occupies a special site on nerve cell membranes; hence it is available to breakdown any needed glucose

Question 3

thiamin is needed for the synthesis of …

Answer 3

neurotransmitters

Question 4

thiamin is needed for the metabolism of

Answer 4

other sugars and amino acids

Question 5

thiamin is required for the synthesis of

Answer 5

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 6

Beriberi

Answer 6

deficiency disease of thiamin

• inflammatory or degenerative changes of the nerves, digestive system and the heart
• without thiamin, glucose can’t be used normally
• nerve impulses can’t be transmitted

Question 7

symptoms of beriberi

Answer 7

loss of sensation in the hands and feet, edema, muscle weakness & poor coordination, changes to the heart, poor short-term memory and confusion

Question 8

alcoholics at risk for beriberi

Answer 8

ethanol intereferes with the absorption of thiamin and hastens is excretion in the urine

Question 9

Riboflavin

Answer 9

is a part of two coenzymes

• that act as electron carriers
• they function in reactions needed to produce ATP from CHO, fat and protein

Question 10

Riboflavin is involved n converting some vitamins into their active form

Answer 10

such as folate, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin K

Question 11

Riboflavin supports

Answer 11

skin health and vision

Question 12

symptoms of riboflavin deficiencies

Answer 12

cheilosis - cracking & redness of the lips or around the corners of the mouth

• flaking skin around the nose, eyebrows & earlobes
• glossitis - inflammation of the tongue (red & swollen)
• eyes - increased sensitivity to light; burning, tearing, and itching of the eyes

Question 13

Niacin

Answer 13

is part of two coenzymes

• especially in the metabolism of CHO, fat, and alcohol
• coenzymes needed for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol

Question 14

body can make niacin from

Answer 14

tryptophan

-reason why recommendation are expressed as “niacin equivalent”

Question 15

Niacin Equivalent

Answer 15

the measure that takes into account the available tryptophan

Question 16

Pellagra

Answer 16

niacin deficiency diseases

-fatigue, decreased appetite, and indigestion

Question 17

Symptoms of Pellagra (the four D’s)

Answer 17

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia and it left untreated Death

Question 18

those at risk for Pellagra

Answer 18

poorly nourished, those with alcohol addiction

Question 19

Niacin is sometimes prescribed in larger doses as a treatment for

Answer 19

lower blood lipid levels

Question 20

Biotin

Answer 20

plays an important role in energy metabolism

-as a coenzyme, it carries activated CO2 that is critical in keeping Citric Acid Cycle running.

Question 21

Biotin is needed in the synthesis of glucose

Answer 21

from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino-acids and glycerole

Question 22

biotin is needed in the synthesis of _________ and the breakdown of certain fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 22

fatty acids

Question 23

it can be made in the body by ________ in the GI tract

Answer 23

bacteria

Question 24

deficiency in Biotin is…

Answer 24

rare

Question 25

symptoms of biotin deficienceis

Answer 25

nausea, thinning hair, loss of hair color, tingling in hands or feet, red skin rash, depression, lethargy, hallucinations

Question 26

Pantothenic Acid

Answer 26

a component of a coenzyme

Question 27

pantothenic acid assists with the making of _________ which is needed in the TCA cycle and ultimately ATP formation

Answer 27

Acetyl Co-A

Question 28

pantothenic Acid is needed in the synthesis of

Answer 28

making lips, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones and hemoglobin

Question 29

deficiency in Pantothenic Acid is....

Answer 29

rare

Question 30

Vitamin B6

Answer 30

role in amino acid & protein metabolism

Question 31

Vitamin B6 is a

Answer 31

coenzyme

Question 32

Vitamin B6 is needed for

Answer 32

deamination reactions | -removal of NH2; reamining carbon comound used for energy

Question 33

Vitamin B6 is involved in the synthesis of

Answer 33

neurotransmitters | -

Question 34

Vitamin B6 is needed for the synthesis of lipids that are part of the

Answer 34

lipids in the myelin sheath

Question 35

Along with folate and B12, B6 is needed for

Answer 35

senythesis of hemoglobin and white blood cells

Question 36

B6, B12, and folate conversion of _________ to cysteine

Answer 36

homocysteine

Question 37

Vitamin B6 is needed to convert tryptophan into

Answer 37

niacin

Question 38

Vitamin B6 is needed for breaking down glycogen to release ______ into the blood

Answer 38

glucose

Question 39

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 39

poor growth, skin lesions, decreased immunity, anemia, neurologcial symptoms

Question 40

Folate (and B12) is needed for the making of

Answer 40

new cells | - synthesis of DNA and RNA

Question 41

Folate (and B12) are needed for the replication of

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

Folate (and B12) are required for the formation and maturation of _________ and ____________ and for the formation of hemoglobin

Answer 42

red blood cells and white blood cells

Question 43

Folate is needed for the reduced risk of

Answer 43

neural tube defects

Question 44

what is folic acid and is it readily absorbed?

Answer 44

- synthesis form of folate - readily absorbed - bioavailability is almost twice that of folate

Question 45

Neural Tube Defects

Answer 45

malformation of the brain, spinal cord or both during embryonic development

Question 46

Spina Bifida is not a Common NTD

Answer 46

three membranes that surround the spinal cord often protrude form the spin as a sac -portion of the spinal cord is sometimes in the sac mild cases are not noticeable

Question 47

deficiency in folate can result in an anemia called

Answer 47

megalobastic or macrocytic anemia - lack of folate - red blood cells become larger - fewer matrue red blood cells

Question 48

those at risk for folate deficeicency

Answer 48

alcoholics, pregnant females, elderly, and smokers

Question 49

Vitamin B12 is required for

Answer 49

making new cells (DNA and RNA synthesis)

Question 50

Vitamin B12 is needed for the maintenance of

Answer 50

myelin sheath

Question 51

Vitamin B12 are also needed to convert _______ to an active coenzyme

Answer 51

- Folate | - conversion of homocysteine

Question 52

Vitamin B12 in food is bound to

Answer 52

protein

Question 53

two people at risk for B12 deficiency

Answer 53

Vega and older adults