Vitamin C/ Choline/ Vitamin A/ Vitamin D/ Vitamin E/ Vitamin K Flashcards
Vitamin C (absorbic acid)
“no scurvy acid”
Scurvy
deficiency disease of Vitamin C
Vitamin C has many functions in the body
- assists enzymes in the formation and maintenance of collagen
- it is an antioxidant
Vitamin C aids in the absorption of
iron, calcium, and folate
Vitamin C is involved in reaction that make
neurotransmitters, hormones, bile acids
Vitamin C helps protect us against
infections
Does Vitamin C prevent the common cold
NOOOOOOOOO
Symptoms of Scurvy
-inflamed, swollen, and bleeding gums
-loose teeth
-capillaries become weakened and rupture
wounds that don’t heal and frequent infections
-bone fractures
-feel fatigued and depressed
Scurvy is rarely seen in the U.S. today except
elderly
alcohol/drug addictions
-smokers
-few infants
Choline
water-soluble substance
is Choline a Vitamin?
NO! but is considered an essential nutrient
Choline is needed for the synthesis of
neurotransmitters
Choline is neded for the making of
cell membranes
Cholin is involved with the transportation of
lipids
Cholin is also needed for the metabolism of
homocysteine
Choline Deficiency during pregnancy can
interfere with the brain development of the fetus
Choline deficiency in adults
fatty liver and muscle damage
Two Forms of Vitamin A
- Retinoids - preformed Vitamin A
- Carotenoids - inactive form of Vitamin A
Cortenoids
natural pigments made by plants that give certain fruits/veggies their yellow or orange colors
Example of carotenoids
beta carotene
Sources of beta-carotene
orange and yellow vegetables as well as dark green vegetables
Beta-carotene that is not converted into active Vitamin A may function as an
antioxidant
Retinol-binding protein
retinol leaves the liver via this
absorbaility of retinoids & carotenoids
retinoids are absorbed MORE readily than the carotenoids
Vitamin A is bound to
protein
Deficiency in fat = deficiency in ________
Vitamin A
Vitamin A has two roles in Vision
- processining of light in the retina
- Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin
light sensitive pigment that is found in the rod cells of the retina
- enables us to see in dim light
night blindness
deficiency in Vitamin A - slow recovery of vision after exposure to flashes of bright light
What keeps the cornea healthy?
keratin
Xerosis
drying of the cornea
Xerophthalmia
advanced Vitamin A deficinency; cornea thickens and becomes hard; can lead to blindness
Vitamin A helps with the growth and replenishment of
epitheal tissue
Vitamin A aids in our ability to
smell, hear, and taste
Vitamin A plays a key role in the immune system
regulates genes that makes proteins involved with immunity
Vitamin A is needed for _________
reproduction growth -
Where do we obtain Vitamin D
from the food that we eat and ultraviolet light
factors that can effect synthesis of vitamin D
color of skin, age, where someone lives, time of year, air pollution, protective clothing, use of sunscreen
main function of Vitamin D
regulation of calcium and phosphorus in bones and teeth
parathyroid hormone
low blood calcium stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone, which stimulates the activation of Vitamin
Vitamin D functions as a hormone
it can be made by an organ
populations at risk for not meeting their vitamin D requirements
infants and vegans
vitamin D is potentially toxic
most toxic of all vitamins
deficiency of Vitamin D
rickets (in children)
Osteomalacia
vitamin D deficiency in adults
osteoporosis
is a loss of total bone mass not just minerals
Vitamin E
ANTIOXIDANT
Tocopherol
Alpha-Tocopherol
the only form that can be used by the body
Free Radicals
atoms or molecules that have one or not unpaired molecules
Vitamin E deficiency is
rare
Vitamin E protects against
heavy metals, toxins and an assortment of drugs
hemolytic anemia
a condition in which there is an insufficient number of red blood cells because they have ruptured
Vitamin K
main function of clotting blood
another role of Vitamin K
needed for the synthesis of important bone proteins that enable minerals to bond for the formation of bone
those at risk for Vitamin K deficiency
newborns, longterm antibiotic usage, takin anticoagulant medications
Jaundice
it occurs when red blood cells in the liver rupture
