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Reach Biological Sciences > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

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2
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin during pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as neural tube defects?

A

Vitamin B9 (Folate or folic acid)

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3
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine

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4
Q

How many vitamins are required by human metabolism?

A

13

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5
Q

What mineral is the fifth most abundant element in the human body (after oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen)?

A

Calcium

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6
Q

Which 2 vitamins can the human body synthesize?

A

Vitamins D and K

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7
Q

Beta-carotene is a form of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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8
Q

What mineral, found in fruits and vegetables, is most commonly associated with bananas?

A

Potassium

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9
Q

What are the 5 major minerals in the human body?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium

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10
Q

What vitamin is also known as pantothenic acid?

A

Vitamin B5

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11
Q

What vitamins are water-soluble and therefore need to be consumed daily?

A

Vitamin C and the B vitamins (A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and can be stored)

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12
Q

What mineral, noted for helping cell growth and your immune system, is typically sourced from meats, nuts, and legumes?

A

Zinc

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13
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can lead to pellagra?

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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14
Q

What disease is caused by a Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency?

A

Pellagra

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15
Q

What mineral is common found in red meat but also beans, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, and dried fruits?

A

Iron

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16
Q

What vitamin, also known as cobalamin, is the largest and most structurally complex vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12

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17
Q

What are the four basic organic elements?

A

Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

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18
Q

How many different B vitamins are there?

A

8

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19
Q

What vitamin is commonly found in animal products (meat, milk, eggs, and fish) but not in vegetables, requiring vegans to eat fortified foods or supplements?

A

Vitamin B12

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20
Q

What mineral, because of its interaction with phosphate, is found in all enzymes using or synthesizing ATP and those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA?

A

Magnesium

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21
Q

What disease is caused by a Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

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22
Q

What vitamin is also known as niacin?

A

Vitamin B3

23
Q

What disease is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets (and osteomalacia)

24
Q

What vitamin is also known as ascorbic acid?

A

Vitamin C

25
Q

What vitamin is also known as thiamine?

A

Vitamin B1

26
Q

Which 2 minerals are systemic electrolytes and essential in coregulating ATP?

A

Sodium and potassium

27
Q

What element is commonly added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies?

A

Iodine

28
Q

What fat-soluble vitamin is found in fish, liver and dairy product as well as orange and ripe yellow fruits and vegetables, and leafy vegetables such as spinach?

A

Vitamin A

29
Q

What vitamin is synthesized in the skin from cholesterol through a chemical reaction that is dependent on UVB exposure?

A

Vitamin D

30
Q

What vitamin is given routinely to newborns as an injection?

A

Vitamin K

31
Q

What vitamin is also known as folic acid or folate?

A

Vitamin B9

32
Q

What vitamin is required for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation?

A

Vitamin K

33
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can lead to night blindness?

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

What trace element is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and to prevent goiter?

A

Iodine

35
Q

What mineral is commonly found in dairy products and leafy green vegetables such as broccoli?

A

Calcium

36
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

37
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

38
Q

What vitamin is also known as biotin?

A

Vitamin B7

39
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can lead to beriberi?

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

40
Q

What vitamin is responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate?

A

Vitamin D

41
Q

What vitamin is also known as riboflavin?

A

Vitamin B2

42
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can lead to rickets and osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D

43
Q

What term is used to describe a deficiency of sodium in the body?

A

Hyponatremia (an excess of sodium is hypernatremia)

44
Q

What is the severe and chronic form of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency?

A

Beriberi

45
Q

What element is the sixth most abundant element in the human body and an essential component of DNA, RNA, and ATP?

A

Phosphorus

46
Q

What vitamin is found in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits and bell peppers?

A

Vitamin C

47
Q

What vitamin is also known as pyridoxine?

A

Vitamin B6

48
Q

A deficiency of which vitamin can lead to scurvy?

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

49
Q

What vitamin is actually a group of fat-soluble secosteroids including cholecalciferol?

A

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol is D3)

50
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B9?

A

Folic acid or folate

51
Q

What trace element is required for many proteins and enzymes, notably hemoglobin to prevent anemia?

A

Iron

52
Q

What trace mineral is usable by animals only after having been processed into complex molecules (such as vitamin B12) by bacteria?

A

Cobalt

53
Q

What vitamin’s forms include retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid?

A

Vitamin A

Reach Biological Sciences (9 decks)

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