vitamins and deficiencies

Question 1

TRuNuPP BeFore Chapter

Answer 1

Thiamine: B1 - used as coenzyme for PDH and alpha-ketogularate dehydrogenase. deficiency of B1 due to alcoholism

Riboflavin: B2 - used as coenzyme for FAD/FMN dehydrogenase. due to poor diet intake/malasorption syndrome

Niacin: B3 - coenzyme NADH, NADPH made from tryptophan. HARTNUP disease (impaired AA uptake)

Pantothenic Acid: B5 - synthesis of CoA, due to extreme starvation.

Pyridoxine: B6 - used in pyridoxal phosphate body, comes from isoniazid therapy

Biotin: B7 - cofactor for most carboxylation enzymes, deficiency comes from ingesting too many raw eggs

Folic Acid: B9 - coenzyme for methylation, comes from alcoholics and pregnancy

Cobalamin: B12 - converted to coenzymes, comes from pernicious anemia, pancreatitis, resection of ileum

Question 2

Vitamin A

Answer 2

retinol: used for vision and epithelium maintenance, deficiency due to extreme malnutrition or fat absorption issues

Question 3

Vitamin C

Answer 3

ascorbate: cofactor for collagen synthesis and an antioxidant. deficiency comes from not eating citrus (scurvy)

Question 4

Vitamin D

Answer 4

calcitriol: used for maintaining structural integrity of bones. deficiency due to lack of sunlight or poor diets