Vitamins Flashcards
What is the name of B1?
Thiamine
What are the functions of B1?
1) metabolizes carbs & fat to produce energy
2) needed for development
3) maintain function of heart, NS, GI tract
4) absorbed in jejunum & ileum
What is Beriberi?
A condition associated with B1 deficiency.
- Dry: symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (sensory & motor)
- Wet: neuropathy + cardiac involvement (enlarged heart, HF, tachy)
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
associated with a B1 deficiency
Wernicke’s encephalopathy: acute syn of nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, & confusion
Korsakoff syndrome: chronic syn of impaired short-term memory & confabulaton
What are the risk factors for a B1 deficiency?
malnutrition, alcoholism, vomiting, gastric bypass surgery
What is the treatment of a B1 deficiency?
thiamine via IV or IM
banana bag: NS & multivitamins
What is the name of B2?
Riboflavin
What are the functions of B2?
1) energy metabolism
2) required for metabolism of fats, carbs, & proteins
What will a B2 deficiency cause?
- edema of MM
- angular somatitis
- glossitis
- seborrheic dermatitis
What places patients at risk for a B2 deficiency?
anaorexia, lactose intolerance, malabsorptive syndromes (celiac), prolonged phenobarb use
What are the sources of B2?
meat, fish, eggs, pastas, milk products, enriched foods
What is the name of B3?
Niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide
What are the functions of B3?
used in synthesis & metabolism of carbs, FAs, & proteins
What are the side effects of B3?
flushing, GI, increased uric acid levels
What is the toxicity associated with B3?
(2-6 g/d) liver damage
What conditions are associated with B3?
What populations are at risk?
What is the treatment?
Pellagra: photosensitive pigmented dermatitis, diarrhea, & dementia (4 D’s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)
At risk: alcoholism, anorexia, malabsorptive dz
There are a # of meds associated w/Niacin def
Tx: nicotinamide
What is the name of B6?
Pyridoxine
What is the function of B6?
associated w/enzymatic processes; protein metabolism, RBC metabolism, brain fxn, immune fxn
What is the name of B9?
Folate/Folic Acid
What is the prophylatic dose given to all pregnant women and all women of childbearing age?
0.8 to 1 mg/day for all pregnant
400 mcg for all women of childbearing age
What are the symptoms of a B9 deficiency?
Protective Christi Is Concerned Providing Dangerous MSG HEN
- paresthesias
- cheilosis
- irritability
- confused
- pancytopenia
- depression
- megaloblastic anemia
- stomatitis
- glossitis
- hypersegmented neutrophils
- elevated MCV
- neuropathy
What population is at risk for a B9 deficiency?
alcoholics, elderly, medication SEs (anticonvulsants, metformin, methotrexate), those w/increased requirements (pregnancy, hemolytic anemia)
What is the name of B12?
Cyanocobalamin
What is the function of B12?
binds to IF before absorption
metabolism, RBC formation, CNS maintenance
What are the signs of a B12 deficiency?
megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, paresthesia
When does pernicious anemia occur?
failure of IF –> decreased absorption of B12 (check parietal cell & IF ABs)
What population is at risk for a B12 deficiency?
- vegetarians
- malabsorption
- achlorhydria (low gastric acid)
What are the sources of B12?
fish, eggs, meat, fortified cereals
How do you administer B12?
PO, IM, or SQ
What are the functions of B12?
metabolism, formation of RBCs, CNS maintainance
What is Vitamin C called?
ascorbic acid
What do you see in vitamin C toxicity?
diarrhea, kidney stones, iron toxicity
What are the signs of vitamin C deficiency?
scurvy: d/t impaired collagen synthesis (fatigue, ecchymosis, petichiae, bleeding gums, depression, dry skin, impaired wound healing)
What populations are at risk for a vitamin C deficiency?
- malnourished
- drug/alcohol abusers
- poverty (no fruits/veg)
- elderly/institutionalized/chronically ill
What is vitamin A called?
retinol & beta carotene
How does a vitamin A deficiency present?
night blindness, xeropthalmia, keratomalacia, Bitot’s spot, follicular hyperkeratosis
in malnourished kids: give at point of contact
What are the functions of vitamin A?
1) maintains health of specialized tissues like retina
2) aids in growth of skin & MM
3) promotes development of teeth, soft & skeletal tissue
What is the name of vitamin D?
calciferol
What is the function of vitamin D?
considered a hormone– prohormone for calcium regulation, regulates PTH
What populations are at risk of a vitamin D deficiency?
age >50 (decreased ability to convert to active form & kidney to activate & homebound)
lack of sun (N lat, completely covered bodies)
fat malabsorption
What are the disorders associated with vitamin D?
rickets, osteomalacia, craniotabes, rachitic rosary
What is the lab for vitamin D called?
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (250HD) concentration
What is Rickets?
A disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, & distorion of bones
What are the s/s of a vitamin D deficiency?
bone pain/tenderness, dental deformities, impaired growth, fractures, muscle cramps, bumps in wrirst cage, breast bone pushed forward, pelvis/spine deformities
What is vitamin E called?
Tocopherol
What is the function of vitamin A?
protects body against oxygen based free radicals
In patients receiving anticoagulants, which vitmain will give an increased risk of bleeding?
vitamin E
What are the names for vitamin K?
phylloqionone, phytomenadione, menaquinone
What is the function of vitamin K?
- plays role in Ca++ homeostasis
- role in coagulation cascase (activates vitamin K dependent clotting factors (ll, Vll, lX, X)
- role in bone formation
What are the risk factors for a vitamin E deficiency?
those with fat malabsorption
How does a vitamin E deficincy present?
sensory & motor neuropathy, ataxia, retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia
What labs will you get to diagnose a vitamin K disease?
prolonged PT, PTT & INR
levels of PIVKA are more sensitive than PT in detecting vitamin K agonist
What will a vitamin K deficiency cause?
hemorrhagic dz (rare in adults)
newborns: lack hepatic stores, increased bleeding risk (breast milk has little- give 0.5-1mg IM x1 at birth)
