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Gastroenterology > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of B1?

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

What are the functions of B1?

A

1) metabolizes carbs & fat to produce energy
2) needed for development
3) maintain function of heart, NS, GI tract
4) absorbed in jejunum & ileum

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3
Q

What is Beriberi?

A

A condition associated with B1 deficiency.

  • Dry: symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (sensory & motor)
  • Wet: neuropathy + cardiac involvement (enlarged heart, HF, tachy)
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4
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

associated with a B1 deficiency

Wernicke’s encephalopathy: acute syn of nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, & confusion

Korsakoff syndrome: chronic syn of impaired short-term memory & confabulaton

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for a B1 deficiency?

A

malnutrition, alcoholism, vomiting, gastric bypass surgery

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6
Q

What is the treatment of a B1 deficiency?

A

thiamine via IV or IM

banana bag: NS & multivitamins

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7
Q

What is the name of B2?

A

Riboflavin

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8
Q

What are the functions of B2?

A

1) energy metabolism
2) required for metabolism of fats, carbs, & proteins

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9
Q

What will a B2 deficiency cause?

A
  • edema of MM
  • angular somatitis
  • glossitis
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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10
Q

What places patients at risk for a B2 deficiency?

A

anaorexia, lactose intolerance, malabsorptive syndromes (celiac), prolonged phenobarb use

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11
Q

What are the sources of B2?

A

meat, fish, eggs, pastas, milk products, enriched foods

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12
Q

What is the name of B3?

A

Niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide

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13
Q

What are the functions of B3?

A

used in synthesis & metabolism of carbs, FAs, & proteins

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14
Q

What are the side effects of B3?

A

flushing, GI, increased uric acid levels

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15
Q

What is the toxicity associated with B3?

A

(2-6 g/d) liver damage

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16
Q

What conditions are associated with B3?

What populations are at risk?

What is the treatment?

A

Pellagra: photosensitive pigmented dermatitis, diarrhea, & dementia (4 D’s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)

At risk: alcoholism, anorexia, malabsorptive dz

There are a # of meds associated w/Niacin def

Tx: nicotinamide

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17
Q

What is the name of B6?

A

Pyridoxine

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18
Q

What is the function of B6?

A

associated w/enzymatic processes; protein metabolism, RBC metabolism, brain fxn, immune fxn

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19
Q

What is the name of B9?

A

Folate/Folic Acid

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20
Q

What is the prophylatic dose given to all pregnant women and all women of childbearing age?

A

0.8 to 1 mg/day for all pregnant

400 mcg for all women of childbearing age

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of a B9 deficiency?

Protective Christi Is Concerned Providing Dangerous MSG HEN

A
  • paresthesias
  • cheilosis
  • irritability
  • confused
  • pancytopenia
  • depression
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • stomatitis
  • glossitis
  • hypersegmented neutrophils
  • elevated MCV
  • neuropathy
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22
Q

What population is at risk for a B9 deficiency?

A

alcoholics, elderly, medication SEs (anticonvulsants, metformin, methotrexate), those w/increased requirements (pregnancy, hemolytic anemia)

23
Q

What is the name of B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

24
Q

What is the function of B12?

A

binds to IF before absorption

metabolism, RBC formation, CNS maintenance

25
Q

What are the signs of a B12 deficiency?

A

megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, paresthesia

26
Q

When does pernicious anemia occur?

A

failure of IF –> decreased absorption of B12 (check parietal cell & IF ABs)

27
Q

What population is at risk for a B12 deficiency?

A
  • vegetarians
  • malabsorption
  • achlorhydria (low gastric acid)
28
Q

What are the sources of B12?

A

fish, eggs, meat, fortified cereals

29
Q

How do you administer B12?

A

PO, IM, or SQ

30
Q

What are the functions of B12?

A

metabolism, formation of RBCs, CNS maintainance

31
Q

What is Vitamin C called?

A

ascorbic acid

32
Q

What do you see in vitamin C toxicity?

A

diarrhea, kidney stones, iron toxicity

33
Q

What are the signs of vitamin C deficiency?

A

scurvy: d/t impaired collagen synthesis (fatigue, ecchymosis, petichiae, bleeding gums, depression, dry skin, impaired wound healing)

34
Q

What populations are at risk for a vitamin C deficiency?

A
  • malnourished
  • drug/alcohol abusers
  • poverty (no fruits/veg)
  • elderly/institutionalized/chronically ill
35
Q

What is vitamin A called?

A

retinol & beta carotene

36
Q

How does a vitamin A deficiency present?

A

night blindness, xeropthalmia, keratomalacia, Bitot’s spot, follicular hyperkeratosis

in malnourished kids: give at point of contact

37
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A?

A

1) maintains health of specialized tissues like retina
2) aids in growth of skin & MM
3) promotes development of teeth, soft & skeletal tissue

38
Q

What is the name of vitamin D?

A

calciferol

39
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

considered a hormone– prohormone for calcium regulation, regulates PTH

40
Q

What populations are at risk of a vitamin D deficiency?

A

age >50 (decreased ability to convert to active form & kidney to activate & homebound)

lack of sun (N lat, completely covered bodies)

fat malabsorption

41
Q

What are the disorders associated with vitamin D?

A

rickets, osteomalacia, craniotabes, rachitic rosary

42
Q

What is the lab for vitamin D called?

A

serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (250HD) concentration

43
Q

What is Rickets?

A

A disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, & distorion of bones

44
Q

What are the s/s of a vitamin D deficiency?

A

bone pain/tenderness, dental deformities, impaired growth, fractures, muscle cramps, bumps in wrirst cage, breast bone pushed forward, pelvis/spine deformities

45
Q

What is vitamin E called?

A

Tocopherol

46
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

protects body against oxygen based free radicals

47
Q

In patients receiving anticoagulants, which vitmain will give an increased risk of bleeding?

A

vitamin E

48
Q

What are the names for vitamin K?

A

phylloqionone, phytomenadione, menaquinone

49
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A
  • plays role in Ca++ homeostasis
  • role in coagulation cascase (activates vitamin K dependent clotting factors (ll, Vll, lX, X)
  • role in bone formation
50
Q

What are the risk factors for a vitamin E deficiency?

A

those with fat malabsorption

51
Q

How does a vitamin E deficincy present?

A

sensory & motor neuropathy, ataxia, retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia

52
Q

What labs will you get to diagnose a vitamin K disease?

A

prolonged PT, PTT & INR

levels of PIVKA are more sensitive than PT in detecting vitamin K agonist

53
Q

What will a vitamin K deficiency cause?

A

hemorrhagic dz (rare in adults)

newborns: lack hepatic stores, increased bleeding risk (breast milk has little- give 0.5-1mg IM x1 at birth)

Gastroenterology (5 decks)

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