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Gastroenterology > GI Disease Medications > Flashcards

GI Disease Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of antacids?

A

provide rapid relief of heartburn & are adjunctive or for occasional GERD

avoid Mg-containing in renal failure

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2
Q

What are the names of the antacids mentioned?

A

tums, rolaids, maalox, gaviscon

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3
Q

What is the purpose of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

mild esophagitis in GERD (heals 70-80%) & is effective for symptomatic gastritis

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4
Q

What is the MOA of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Blocks the effect of histamine on gastric cells –>

  1. decreased acid production
  2. eliminates ACh & gastrin on acid production
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5
Q

What is the brand name of Famotidine & what class is it in?

A

H2 blocker: Pepcid

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6
Q

What is the brand name of Ranatadine & what class is it in?

A

H2 blocker: Zantac

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7
Q

What is the brand name of Cimetidine & what class is it in?

A

H2 blocker: Tagamet

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8
Q

What effect do H2 blockers have in CKD & pregnancy?

A

Dose adjusted in CKD & not used in ESRD

Safe in pregnancy & lactation

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9
Q

What are the 2 main side effects of H2 blockers?

A

Tachyphylaxis
B-12 deficiency
HoTN, QT prolongation (with rapid infusion)
confusion/hallucinations (in elderly)

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10
Q

What is the purpose of PPIs?

A

most powerful tx for GERD

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11
Q

What is the MOA of PPIs?

A

binds to H/K ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells –> acid secretion blockage (take in AM- need acid to work)

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12
Q

What is the brand name of Omeprazole and what class is it in?

A

PPI: Prolisec

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13
Q

What is the brand name of Lansoprazole & what is the class?

A

PPI: Prevacid

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14
Q

What is the brand name of Dexlansoprazole & what is the class?

A

PPI: Dexilant

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15
Q

What is the brand name of Rabeprazole & what is the class?

A

PPI: Aciphex

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16
Q

What is the brand name of Pantoprazole & what is the class?

A

PPI: Protonix

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17
Q

What is the brand name (2) of Esomeprazole/Na Bicarb & what is the class?

A

PPI: Nexium/Zegerid

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18
Q

What is the effect of PPIs in CKD & pregnancy?

A

Increased risk of CKD (but no need to dose adjust)

Safe in pregnancy

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19
Q

What is the brand name of Carafate?

A

Sulcrafate

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20
Q

What is the MOA of Carafate?

A

ulcer-adherent & protects the ulcer; stimulates gastric angiogenesis & formation of granulation tissue

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21
Q

What is the use of Carafate?

A

MC as an add-on tx for patients not well enough controlled on H2 blockers or PPIs

22
Q

What is the brand name (2) of Bismuth?

A

Peptobismol, Kaopectate

23
Q

What is the MOA of Bismuth?

A

Suppresses H. pylori, binds to ulcer & promotes healing

24
Q

What is the brand name of Misoprostol?

A

Cytotec

25
Q

What is the MOA of Misoprostol?

A

analogue of prostaglandin E which inhibits acid secretion & enhances mucosal defense

26
Q

What is the indication for Misoprostol?

A

used only to prevent NSAID induced gastritis

27
Q

What is the effect of Misoprostol on pregnancy?

A

contraindicated in women of childbearing age not on contraception

28
Q

What is the algorithm for GERD/PUD/Gastritis?

A

H2 or PPI (can’t use antacids routinely w/PPIs) & continue tx for 4-8w
If no improvement, increase PPI to bid or add adjunctive tx
If no improvement, endoscopy

If refectory, Nissen fundoplication (for GERD)

29
Q

What is the treatment of PUD/Gastritis?

A

eradicate H. pylori, PPI or H2 for 4w for duodenal ulcer, & 8w for gastric ulcer
- avoid NSAIDs, if pt must, give PPI or Misoprostol (Cytotec)

30
Q

What is the brand name of Ondansetron and what class is it in?

A

SSRAs (5-H3T Receptor Antagonists): Zofran

prn (not a scheduled med)

31
Q

What is the indication of SSRAs/5H3T?

A

most useful class in chemo & postop n/v

32
Q

What is the important AE of SSRAs/5H3T?

A

QT prolongation, torsades

33
Q

What is the brand name of Aprepitant and what is the class?

A

Neurokinin Receptor Anatagonist: Emend

Fosaprepitant [IV]

34
Q

What is the indication of Aprepitant?

A

prevention of chemo emesis

35
Q

What is the brand name of Diphenyldramine & what class is it in?

A

Antihistamine: Benadryl

36
Q

What is the brand name of Hydroxyzine & what is the class?

A

Antihistamine: Vistaril

37
Q

What is the brand name of Promethazine & what is the class?

A

Antihistamine: Phenagran

38
Q

What are the AEs of Benadryl?

A

CNS depression, sedation, anticholinergic SEs, exraparamidal

39
Q

What are the AEs of Vistaril?

A

involuntary movement, respiratory depression, anticholinergics

40
Q

What is are the AEs of Phenegran?

A

anticholinergics, sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, NMS, tissue injury

41
Q

What is the brand name of Scopolamine & what class is it in?

A

Transderm Scop (patch)

42
Q

What is the indication of Scopolamine?

A

MC for motion sickness

Adjunct chemo N or prolonged mild N

43
Q

What are the AEs of Scopolamine?

A

in old: confusion & anticholinergic effects

44
Q

What is the brand name of Prochlorperazine and what class is it in?

A

Dopamine Receptor Antagonist: Compazine

45
Q

What is the brand name of Chlopromazine and what class is it in?

A

Dopamine Receptor Antagonist- Phenothiazines: Thorazine

46
Q

What are the SEs of Dopamine Receptor Antagonists?

A

QT prolongation, potentiation of CNS depressants

47
Q

What is the brand name of Metoclopramide and what class is it in?

A

Dopamine Receptor Antagonist- Benzamides: Reglan

48
Q

What is the brand name of Dronaninol & what class is it in?

A

Cannaboid: Marinol

49
Q

What are the SEs of Marinol?

A

hallucinations, paranoia, euphoria, sedation, “highs”

50
Q

What is the indication of Marinol?

A

chemo n/v when other agents aren’t effective

51
Q

What are the indications of glucocorticoids?

A

chemo-induced

Gastroenterology (5 decks)

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