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Biochemistry FA > vitamins > Flashcards

vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

B vitamins complex deficiencies often result in

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Glossitis
  3. Diarrhea
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2
Q

Water soluble vitamins and their name

A 
B1 --> Thiamine
B2 --> Riboflavin 
B3 --> niacin 
B5 --> pantothenic acid 
B6 --> pyridoxine 
B7 --> biotin 
B9 --> folate 
B12 --> cobolamin 
C --> ascorbic acid
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3
Q

Vitamin A ( retinol) function

A
  1. Antioxidant 2. Constituent of normal visual pigment (retinal) 3. Essential of normal epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancr cells, mucus secreting cells) 4. Prevent squamous metaplasia
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4
Q

Vitamin A (retinol) is used to

A
  1. Treat measles (all trans retinoic)
  2. Treat AML (M3) (all trans retinoic)
  3. Topically for wrinkles and acne (oral isotretinoin)
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5
Q

Deficiency of vitamin A (retinol)

A
  1. Night blindness (nyctalopia)
  2. Dry scaly skin (xerosis cutis)
  3. Bitot spots on conjunctiva
  4. Corneal degeneration (keratomalacia)
  5. Immune suppression
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6
Q

Vitamin A (retinol) excess

A
  1. arthralgias 2. Skin changes (scaliness) 3. Alopecia 4. Cerebral edema 5. Pseudo-tumor cerebri 6. Osteoporosis 7. Hepatic toxicity and enlargment
  2. Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
    if acute –> nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and blurred vision
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7
Q

Vitamin D Excess findings

A
  1. Hypercalcemia
  2. Hypercalciuria
  3. Loss of apettite
  4. Stupor
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8
Q

Vitamin E vs vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Neurologic presentation of vit E deficiency may appear similar to B12 deficiency, but without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, or increased serum methylmalonic acid

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9
Q

Vitamin E function

A
  1. Antioxidant (protect erythrocytes and membranes from free radicals damage
  2. Enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin
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10
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A
  1. Hemolytic anemia
  2. Acanthocytosis
  3. Muscle weakness
  4. Posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
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11
Q

Kwashiorkor clinical picture

A

Small child with swollen belly

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12
Q

Kwashiorkor mechanism (and result in)

A

Protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesions, edema, liver malfunction (fatty change due to decreased apolipoprotein synthesis)

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13
Q

Marasmus (definition and results)

A

Total calorie malnutrition resulting in:

  1. emaciation (tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat)
  2. +/- edema
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14
Q

vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is ancillary treatment for

A

Methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3+ to fe2+

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15
Q

Vitamin C excess

A
  1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. Diarrhea 4. Fatigue 5. Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis 6. Can increase risk of iron toxicity in in predisposed individuals (transfusions, hereditary hemochromatosis)
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16
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

A
  1. Scurvy

2. Weakened immune response

17
Q

Scurvy - presentation

A

Swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, corkscrew hair

18
Q

Vitamin B5 deficiency

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Enteritis
  3. Alopecia
  4. Adrenal insufficiency
19
Q

Thiamine (vit B1) deficiency

A
  1. Wernicke - korskakoff syndrome
  2. Dry beriberi
  3. Wet beriberi
20
Q

Dry beriberi

A
  1. Polineuritis

2. Symmetrical muscle wasting

21
Q

Wet beriberi

A
  1. Hight cardiac output failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

2. Edema

22
Q

Thiamine (vit b1) deficiency seen in

A
  1. Malnutrition

2. Alcoholism (2ry to malnutrition and malabsorption)

23
Q

Wernicke - korsakoff syndrome - symptoms

A
  1. Classic triad (Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia)
  2. Confabulation
  3. Personality changes
  4. Permanent memory loss
24
Q

Vitamin B2 deficiency

A
  1. Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
  2. Corneal vascularization
25
Q

Niacin deficiency

A
  1. Glossitis

2. Pellagra (of severe deficiency)

26
Q

Causes of pellagra

A
  1. Hartnup disease (Decreased tryptophan absorption)
  2. Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism)
  3. Isoniazid (low B6)
27
Q

Pellagra symptoms

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Dementia (and hallucinations)
  3. Dermatitis (casal necklace (C3.4 dermotome) or hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed limbs)
28
Q

Niacin excess

A
  1. Facial flushing (induce by prostaglandins, not histamine)
  2. Hyperglycemia
  3. Hyperuricemia
29
Q

Biotin deficiency symptoms

A

Rare.

Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

30
Q

Biotin deficiency caused by

A

Caused by antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites

31
Q

Folic acid absorption

A

Jejunum

Biochemistry FA (16 decks)

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