Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamins

Answer 1

Essential organic compounds required in small amounts

Question 2

Fat soluble

Answer 2

dissolve in lipids; stored in liver and adipose tissue, many have hormonal type actions; plant based some pro-vitamin

Question 3

Water soluble

Answer 3

absorbed in the small intestine; many act a enzymatic co-factors/co-enzymes after modification

Question 4

What is the name for Vitamin A?

Answer 4

Retinol (eyes)

Question 5

What is the name for D2?

Answer 5

Ergocalciferol (plants)

Question 6

What is the name for D3?

Answer 6

Cholecalciferol (active in the animal body)

Question 7

What is the name for Vitamin E?

Answer 7

Tocopherol

Question 8

What is the name for Vitamin K?

Answer 8

Phylloquinone (blood clotting)

Question 9

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

Answer 9

Vision
Bone development
Reproduction

Question 10

Where is Vitamin A found?

Answer 10

organ meats, liver, fatty fish, and dairy products

Beta-carotene

Question 11

What are some Vitamin A deficiencies?

Answer 11

Blindness

Reproduction disorders

Question 12

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

Answer 12

aid in calcium absorption
calcium storage
serum calcium regulation

Question 13

Where is Vitamin D found?

Answer 13

sun cured plants

animal food

Question 14

What are some Vitamin D deficiencies?

Answer 14

Rickets

osteoporosis

Question 15

What are some functions of Vitamin E?

Answer 15

Antioxidant
maintain integrity of cell membranes
maintenance of heart function
protects skin and scar tissue and inflammation
often associated with selenium

Question 16

Where is Vitamin E found?

Answer 16

vegetable oil, seeds, soybeans, avocados, etc

Question 17

What are some Vitamin E deficiencies?

Answer 17

Rare

selenium deficiency causes white muscle disease

Question 18

What are some functions of Vitamin K?

Answer 18

coagulation of blood

contributes to bone and tooth development

Question 19

Where is Vitamin K found?

Answer 19

green vegetables

Question 20

What are some Vitamin K deficiencies?

Answer 20

Rare (found in infants) by excessive bleeding.

Question 21

Water soluble vitamins are absorbed where?

Answer 21

Small intestine

Question 22

What are the functions of Vitamin B Complex?

Answer 22

healthy skin and muscle tone
enhance immune and nervous system
promote cell metabolism and growth
blood cell formation/maturation

Question 23

What is the function of Vitamin C?

Answer 23

Antioxidant
formation of collagen to hold the cells together
improves ion absorption and resistance to infection
benefits of high doses to immune system are debatable

Question 24

What are some deficiencies of Vitamin C?

Answer 24

Scurvy

Question 25

Where are minerals found?

Answer 25

all food groups | animal products

Question 26

How are minerals classified?

Answer 26

Macro and Micro

Question 27

What are some types of Macro minerals?

Answer 27

Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Cl

Question 28

What are some types of Micro minerals?

Answer 28

Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Se, I, Mn, Co

Question 29

Macro minerals are presented in the body in larger or smaller amounts compared to micro?

Answer 29

Larger

Question 30

What are the functions of Calcium?

Answer 30

bone structure nerve function blood clotting

Question 31

Where is calcium found?

Answer 31

dairy products, green vegetables

Question 32

What are some Calcium deficiencies?

Answer 32

Rickets, osteoporosis, milk fever

Question 33

What are the functions of Phosphorous?

Answer 33

Bone development, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, blood pH.

Question 34

What are some Phosphorous deficiencies?

Answer 34

rickets, osteoporosis, pica, low fertility, poor milk production

Question 35

What are some functions of Sodium?

Answer 35

acid-base and osmotic balance of body fluids nerve conduction major cation of extracellular fluid

Question 36

What are some functions of chloride?

Answer 36

acid-base osmotic regulation | HCl and chloride salts in intestine secretions

Question 37

What are some functions of Sulfur?

Answer 37

involved in enzyme reactions and protein synthesis | necessary for the formation of collagen

Question 38

What is the deficiency related to Sulfur?

Answer 38

protein deficiency

Question 39

What are some functions of Magnesium?

Answer 39

associated with Ca and P energy metabolism involved in enzyme activities

Question 40

What are some functions of Potassium?

Answer 40

Acid-base osmotic regulation nerve and muscle function co-factor in several reactions involving carbohydrate metabolism

Question 41

Can overfeeding Potassium lead to metabolic disorders?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

What are some functions of Iron?

Answer 42

oxygen transport via hemoglobin Immune system function cellular energy metabolism

Question 43

What are some iron deficiencies?

Answer 43

nutritional deficiency

Question 44

What are some functions of copper?

Answer 44

energy metabolism iron metabolism bone strength

Question 45

What are some copper deficiencies?

Answer 45

Neuro degeneration in animals and humans | decrease wool/hair growth

Question 46

What are some functions of Selenium?

Answer 46

protect cells from damage by free radicals important antioxidant function very narrow range between deficiency and toxicity

Question 47

What are some examples of selenium deficiency?

Answer 47

``` Keshans Disease cardiac muscle degeneration white muscle disease increased mortality poor growth ```

Question 48

What are some functions of Iodine?

Answer 48

aids in production of thyroid hormones | necessary for healthy hair and teeth

Question 49

What are some deficiencies in iodine?

Answer 49

common in areas where there is little iodine in the diet

Question 50

What does cobalt do?

Answer 50

synthesis

Question 51

What does Chromium do?

Answer 51

immune function

Question 52

What does Zinc do?

Answer 52

DNA and immune function

Question 53

What does Molybdenum do?

Answer 53

excessive dietary intake can reduce a copper deficiency.