Breeds & Life Cycles (2) Flashcards by Samantha Gross

What is the definition of breed?

Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring.

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What is the definition of pedigree?

Record of an individual’s ancestry.

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What is the largest breed of cattle? (Most common).

Angus

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Does black dominate coat color in cattle?

Yes.

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What does polled mean?

Hornless, but it must be natural. Doesn’t mean polled if horns are man-removed.

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What are some traits for the Angus cattle?

Scotland
Black, polled
Maternal traits (lactation) 
Carcass traits (intramuscular fat) 
Most successful branded beef program

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What does intra mean?

Within

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What does inter mean?

Between

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What are some characteristics of Hereford cattle?

England 
Red & White 
Horned & polled 
Hardy- forage well
Good disposition 
Developing branded beef program

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What are some traits of Charolais cattle?

France 
White- predominately
Horned & polled
Large size
Stay cooler under the sun 
Forage well
Carcass trait 
Heavy muscled 
Terminal sire

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What are some traits of Simmental cattle?

Switzerland, Germany, France 
Gold, white and horned 
Black, red, and polled 
Meat and milk producer 
Good growth and disposition

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What are reasons to have a Bos indicus influenced cattle breed?

Performs better

Not as much intramuscular fat.

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What are some characteristics of Holstein cattle?

Holland
1400 pounds
Black and white
Milk- 3.66% fat

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What are some traits of brown Swiss cattle?

Switzerland
1500 pounds
Blackish, brown, silver
Milk- 4.04% fat

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What are some traits for Ayrshire cattle?

Scotland
1200 pounds
Mahogany and white
Milk- 3.85% fat

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What are some characteristics of jersey cattle?

Jersey isle
1000 pounds
Fawn, blackish-brown
Milk- 4.7% fat

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What is negative energy balance?

Cow didn’t eat enough to offset milk production.

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What is peak lactation?

Providing the most energy and protein to the calf.

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Why don’t you commonly keep a dairy bull?

They are mean.

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What is estrus?

Heat

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When are dairy calves weaned?

Immediately

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How is colostrum provided to dairy calves?

Milk pail

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What are dairy calves fed?

Milk replacer for 6-8 weeks.

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Are dairy calves introduced to dry feed earlier than others?

Yes. It stimulates rumen function and reduces cost.

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Why are dairy calves raised separately?

To reduce disease and competition for feed. It also improves performance.

What is the age of puberty for sheep?

5-6 months

What is the age at first lambing?

1 year

What are the meat breeds of sheep?

Suffolk Hampshire Dorset

What are traits for meat breeds of sheep?

Growth rates | Carcass quality

What are examples of ewe breeds?

Rambouillet, cross breeds

What are traits for ewe breeds?

Maternal traits- prolificacy, milk production, mothering ability, wool.

What are examples of long wool breeds of sheep?

Romney, Lincoln

What are examples of fine wool sheep breeds?

Merino, Rambouillet

What is an example of hair sheep?

Barbados blackbelly

What is the birth weight in swine?

3 to 4 pounds

At what age do you wean pigs?

18 to 38 days

What is farrowing?

Giving birth to piglets.

How many piglets are in one litter?

7 to 14

What is a sow called that has had three litters?

Third parity sow

What are traits of a Yorkshire pig?

White with erect ears Most registrations Maternal breed- good mothers.

What are traits of landrace pigs?

White, ears down Maternal breed High average post weaning survival

What are traits of Duroc pigs?

Red, down ears Known for fast growth and good feed efficiency 2nd largest registration Terminal breed

What are traits of Hampshire pigs?

Black with white belt, erect ears Known for lean carcasses 3rd most popular breed Terminal breed

What is the birth weight of foals?

104 lbs

What is the weaning age of foals?

4-6 months

At what age has a horse hit puberty?

12-15 months

At what age is a mare bred?

2 years of age

What is the life expectancy of a horse?

25-30 years

What is the most numerous breed of horses in the U.S.?

Quarter horses

What is the oldest breed of horse?

Arabian

What is the most numerous draft horse breed?

Belgian

How many kittens are born in each litter?

3 to 5 per 3-4 oz kitten

What is the weaning age of kittens?

6-7 weeks

What is the puberty age of cats?

5-10 months for females | 5-7 months for males

What is the mature weight of cats?

9-11 lbs- depending on breed and gender.

What is the puberty age for dogs?

6-24 months

How many puppies are in a litter?

1-4 for small breeds | As many as 12 for large

Does weight vary upon breed for dogs?

Yes.

What is the life expectancy for dogs?

6-15 years | Smaller breeds live longer

What is the life span of a rabbit?

5-15 years

What is the birth weight of rabbits?

1.75-2.3 oz

What is the mature weight for rabbits?

Small: 2-4 lbs Medium: 9-12 lbs Large: 14-16 lbs

What is the breeding age for rabbits?

4-8 months

Do bucks mature 1 month later than does?

Yes.

What is cuniculture?

Practice of breeding and raising domestic rabbits for meat, fur, or wool.

What is rabbitry?

A place where domestic rabbits are kept and bred.

Are does induced ovulators?

Yes.

What is kindling?

Term used for giving birth.

What is the average litter size in rabbits?

8-10 babies | 25-30 per year

What is the weaning age and weight of rabbits?

4-8 weeks at 1.25-4 lbs