Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

body and organ function

Question 2

What is the average temperature for animals?

Answer 2

101-102 degrees

Question 3

Abduction

Answer 3

movement away from the median plane

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

movement toward the median plane

Question 5

Anterior

Answer 5

toward the front of the body

Question 6

Posterior

Answer 6

the back surface of the body

Question 7

Caudal

Answer 7

towards the tail

Question 8

Cranial

Answer 8

toward the head

Question 9

Cutaneous

Answer 9

relating to the skin

Question 10

Dorsal

Answer 10

pertaining to the back or the upper surface of the animal

Question 11

Ventral

Answer 11

away from the back or top line of the body

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

straightening of the limbs and vertebral column

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

bending of the limbs at the joints, and bending of the vertebral column

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

away from the median plane

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

toward the medial plane

Question 16

Median plane

Answer 16

through the midline of the body, divides the body into right and left halves

Question 17

Sagittal

Answer 17

situated in or being the median plane or any plane parallel to the median plane

Question 18

Process

Answer 18

a projection or outgrowth

Question 19

Proximal

Answer 19

usually applied to the limbs, toward the attached portion or major body mass

Question 20

Distal

Answer 20

farthest from the major body mass

Question 21

Superficial

Answer 21

toward the surface

Question 22

Transverse

Answer 22

a plane across the body at right angles to the median plane

Question 23

Infra or sub

Answer 23

below or beneath

Question 24

Supra

Answer 24

above or super

Question 25

Inter

Answer 25

between

Question 26

Intra

Answer 26

within

Question 27

What is skin?

Answer 27

Exterior covering of body | Continuous with exterior of respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts

Question 28

What is the epidermis?

Answer 28

outer layer of epithelial cells

Question 29

What is the dermis?

Answer 29

connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph, nerves, glands, hair follicles.

Question 30

What are the functions of skin?

Answer 30

Protection Temperature regulation Responds to environment (sensory nerves) Secretion and excretion

Question 31

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 31

``` Protection Provides rigidity and for (support) Act as levers Store minerals Site for red blood cell formation ```

Question 32

What does tarsal refer to?

Answer 32

Hind

Question 33

What does carpal refer to?

Answer 33

Front

Question 34

What two bones are fused together?

Answer 34

Radius and Ulna

Question 35

What is the muscle that lies between the rib?

Answer 35

Intercostal muscle

Question 36

What does intra mean?

Answer 36

within

Question 37

What does inter mean?

Answer 37

between

Question 38

Where is a ball and socket joint located?

Answer 38

shoulder, hip

Question 39

Where is a hinged joint located?

Answer 39

elbow

Question 40

Where is a pivot joint located?

Answer 40

neck

Question 41

Where is a glide joint located?

Answer 41

vertebrae

Question 42

What is the name for red blood cells?

Answer 42

Erythrocytes

Question 43

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 43

carry oxygen and CO2

Question 44

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 44

carries signals from sensory organs to the brain and signals from the brain to muscles and tissues

Question 45

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 45

Brian and spinal cord

Question 46

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 46

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 47

What is a nerve cell?

Answer 47

Neuron

Question 48

What receives signals from adjacent cells?

Answer 48

Dendrites

Question 49

What carries the signal along the length of the cell via action potential?

Answer 49

Axon

Question 50

What holds neurotransmitters to communicate with the dendrites of the next neuron?

Answer 50

Terminal bulb

Question 51

What is a synapse?

Answer 51

the space between the dendrites of one cell and terminal bulbs of the next

Question 52

What type of control does skeletal muscle have?

Answer 52

Voluntary

Question 53

What type of control does cardiac muscle have?

Answer 53

Involuntary

Question 54

What type of control does smooth muscle have?

Answer 54

Involuntary

Question 55

What type of banding does skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle have?

Answer 55

Skeletal-Striated Cardiac-Striated Smooth-non-striated

Question 56

What type of shape does skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle have?

Answer 56

Skeletal-threadlike Cardiac-branched Smooth-various

Question 57

What type of nuclei does skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle have?

Answer 57

Skeletal- multinucleated Cardiac-mononucleated Smooth- mononucleated

Question 58

What are arteries?

Answer 58

thick vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood

Question 59

What are veins?

Answer 59

return vessels

Question 60

What are capillaries?

Answer 60

thin-walled vessels

Question 61

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 61

moves oxygenated blood to body and returns venous (deoxygenated) blood to heart

Question 62

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 62

veins carry oxygenated blood

Question 63

What is fasciculi?

Answer 63

bundles of muscle fibers

Question 64

What are myofibrils?

Answer 64

long, thin, cylindrical rods | a site of force production within muscle fibers

Question 65

What are myofilaments?

Answer 65

protein filaments of the myofibril

Question 66

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 66

Smallest functional contractile unit

Question 67

What are the steps for muscle contraction?

Answer 67

1) Signal from nerve 2) Action potential spreads along sarcolemma and t tubules into the interior of fiber 3) Calcium release from terminal cisternae 4) Calcium binds the protein Troponin C, a change in protein complex 5) Cessation of signal Ca++ release ceases 6) Ca++ pumped into sarcoplasmic reticulum and muscle relaxes.