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Health & Nutrition - Exam #2 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E & K

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2
Q

Do fat soluble vitamins have to be consumed every day?

A

No, they are stored in fat

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3
Q

Which vitamin is considered to be the most important vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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4
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

Maintenance of bodily linings and skin

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Issues with skin or bodily linings, blindness, stunting of growth, issues with enamel forming cells on teeth

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6
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

Helps the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels: helps kidneys to re-absorb phosphorus and calcium from waste, helps small intestine to absorb calcium and phosphorus from food
^these functions help to maintain bone integrity

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7
Q

What is the primary source of vitamin D?

A

It may be synthesized from cholesterol in the skin, synthesis is activated by sunlight

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8
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets (children) and Osteomalacia (adults)

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9
Q

What are symptoms of Rickets?

A

Bone softening, weak bones, deformed bone stucture

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10
Q

What are some symptoms of Osteomalacia?

A

Bone softening, sponge-like bone structure

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11
Q

What are some functions of vitamin E?

A

Acts as an antioxidant, helps stabilize cell membranes, regulates bodily oxygen reactions, helps to protect double bonds from being destroyed in PUFAs

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12
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

A

Reproductive issues, loss of sexual potency

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13
Q

What are sources of vitamin E?

A

Widely available from a normal diet

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14
Q

What are the functions of vitamin K?

A

Helps the liver to produce a protein, prothrombin, which helps with blood clotting, helps to maintain bone health

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15
Q

What is prothrombin?

A

A protein produced in the liver which helps with blood clotting. Vitamin K helps with its production

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16
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Issues with prothrombin production and blood clotting

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17
Q

What is Dicoumarol?

A

A blood thinning drug

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18
Q

What is Warfarin?

A

Rat poison (affects vitamin K to cause internal bleeding and death)

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19
Q

What do all water-soluble vitamins act as?

A

Coenzymes - subtances which bind to inactive enzymes to activate them

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20
Q

What is the first B vitamin? What is its function?

A

Thiamin (B-1). It is involved in carbohydrate metabolism as well as with ribose production (involved with RNA production)

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21
Q

What is a symptom of a Thiamin (B-1) deficiency?

A

Beriberi

22
Q

What is beriberi?

A

A disease resulting from thiamin (B-1) deficiency which deals with an inability to extract energy from carbohydrates

23
Q

Called the “morale vitamin”

A

thiamin (B-12)

24
Q

What are sources of thiamin (B-12)?

A

lean pork, whole grains, enriched cereals

25
Q

What is the second B vitamin? What is its function?

A

Riboflavin (B-2). It is involved with carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

26
Q

What are sources of Riboflavin (B-2)?

A

Milk, other calcium rich foods

27
Q

Which vitamin is light sensitive?

A

Riboflavin (B-2)

28
Q

What is the third B vitamin? What is its function?

A

Niacin (B-3). It is involved with carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism as well as with making proteins and DNA/RNA.

29
Q

What are sources of Niacin (B-3)?

A

Meat, liver, peanut butter

30
Q

What are symptoms of a Niacin (B-3) deficiency?

A

Pellagra (4 D’s)

31
Q

A toxicity in this vitamin results in flushing

A

Niacin (B-3)

32
Q

What is pellagra?

A

A serious disease resulting from a niacin deficiency. Symptoms include dermatitis, dementia, diarreha and death

33
Q

Which vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal flora as well as the protein, tryptophan?

A

Niacin (B-3)

34
Q

What is the sixth B vitamin? What is its purpose?

A

Pyridoxine (B-6). It is involved with metabolism of proteins as well as with the conversion of glycogen into glucose.

35
Q

What are sources of Pyridoxine?

A

Meat, potatoes, bananas

36
Q

A toxicity in this vitamin causes numbness

A

Pyridoxine (B-6)

37
Q

This is the B-vitamin without a specific number, what is its function?

A

Folate or Folic Acid. It is involved with the regeneration of cells as well as DNA production

38
Q

What are sources of Folate or Folic Acid?

A

Oranges, leafy greens

39
Q

Too much of this vitamin may mask a B-12 deficiency

A

Folate (Folic Acid)

40
Q

What are symptoms of a Folate or Folic Acid deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia or Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)

41
Q

What is Megaloblastic Anemia?

A

The development of overly large, immature blood cells which do not function properly

42
Q

What are Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?

A

Inadequate formation a fetus’s spinal cord during early stages of pregnancy

43
Q

What is the function of vitamin B-12?

A

Involved with cell formation (red blood cell formation), helps to maintain neural myelin sheaths

44
Q

What is the intrinsic factor? What is its function?

A

An enzyme present in the stomach. It helps the body to absorb vitamin B-12 from consumed food

45
Q

What are sources of vitamin B-12?

A

Animal products (meat, seafood, milk)

46
Q

Which vitamin is adequately stored for long periods of time in the liver?

A

vitamin B-12

47
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia or Pernicious Anemia (deadly anemia)

48
Q

What is Pernicious Anemia (deadly anemia)?

A

A serious disease characterized by a loss of neural functioning

49
Q

Processing of grains often removes which vitamins?

A

B vitamins

50
Q

What consistently correlates with vitamin deficiency?

A

Alcohalism

Health & Nutrition - Exam #2 (4 decks)

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