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Health & Nutrition - Exam #2 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

How many calories does the body store as fat?

A

100,000

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2
Q

How many Kcal/gram in lipids?

A

9kcal/gram

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3
Q

Name 4 functions of lipids

A

padding, insulation, stored energy, composes cell membranes

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4
Q

Main source of lipids found in food and the body?

A

Triglycerdies

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5
Q

How are triglycerides composed?

A

3 fatty acids connected to a glycerol backbone

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6
Q

Describe a saturated fatty acid. Are they solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms and no “kinks.” Solid at room temperature.

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7
Q

Describe a monounsaturated fatty acid. Are they solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

A fatty acid with one double bond between carbon atoms and one “kink.” “Cis” causes the kink. Liquid at room temperature.

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8
Q

Describe a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Are they solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

A fatty acid with two or more double bonds between carbon atoms and two or more “kinks.” “Cis” causes the kinks. Liquid at room temperature.

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9
Q

Describe a trans fat. Solid or liquid?

A

A fatty acid that has had hydrogen atoms added (hydrogenation). Has double bonds but no “kinks.” “Trans” causes the absence of “kinks.” These increase the risk of heart issues as well as bad cholesterol. Found in deep fried foods. Solid at room temperature.

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10
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

Omega 6 and Omega 3

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11
Q

What are the sources of Omega 3?

A

Fish and Flaxseed

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12
Q

What are the sources of Omega 6?

A

Vegetable oils

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13
Q

What are the functions of Omega 3?

A

decrease blood clotting, dilate blood cells, decrease inflamation

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14
Q

What are the functions of Omega 6?

A

increase blood clotting, constrict blood cells, increase inflamation

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15
Q

What is cholesterol? Is it an essential nutrient?

A

A waxy substance, does not dissolve in water (like most lipids), NOT an essential nutrient, as it is produced in the liver.

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16
Q

Sources of cholesterol?

A

Animal products only

17
Q

Why is cholesterol important?

A

Composes cell membranes, helps in hormone production (testosterone, estrogen)

18
Q

What percentage of fat is consumed by the body?

A

95%

19
Q

What is the name for stored fat?

A

adipose tissue

20
Q

What is gastric lipase?

A

An enzyme present in the stomach which aids in fat digestion

21
Q

Which fatty acids are digested in the stomach?

A

short and medium chain fatty acids

22
Q

Which fatty acids are digested in the small intestine?

A

long chain fatty acids

23
Q

What is pancreatic lipase? Where is it active?

A

An enzyme which aids in fat digestion. Produced in the pancreas, active in the small intestine.

24
Q

What is the primary site of fat digestion?

A

The small intestine

25
Q

What is bile acid? Where is it produced? Where is it active?

A

A substance which helps fat dissolve in water. It is produced in the gallbladder and is active in the small intestine.

26
Q

Describe how lipids are digested

A

Triglycerides are broken down into 2 fatty acids and one monoglyceride. These components are absorbed into the body in the small intestine. The body reforms a triglyceride once these substances have been absorbed.

27
Q

What are lipoproteins?

A

Proteins which are responsible for the transportation of fat throughout the body

28
Q

What is the specific name for the lipoprotein which is responsible for fat transportation?

A

Chylomicron

29
Q

What are very low density lipoproteins used for?

A

The transportation of synthesized fat

30
Q

What are high density lipoproteins used for?

A

The transportation of good cholesterol, help to remove excess cholesterol from the body and transport back to liver.

31
Q

what are low density lipoproteins used for?

A

The transportation of bad cholesterol, help to deliver cholesterol from the liver to the body.

32
Q

How do drugs help to lower bodily cholesterol levels?

A

They prevent cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Health & Nutrition - Exam #2 (4 decks)

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