Proteins

Question 1

What is a protein composed of?

Answer 1

Proteins are polymers of amino acids

Question 2

Name some bodily uses of amino acids

Answer 2

The body uses amino acids to:

• create new proteins to use for various bodily functions
• make nitrogen containing compounds (proteins contain N)
• convert to energy (4Kcal/gram)

Question 3

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

Of all the amino acids, how many are essential? (How many can the body not synthisize?)

Answer 4

9

Question 5

About how many types of proteins exist in the body

Answer 5

100,000

Question 6

Is the digestion of protein active or inactive?

Answer 6

Active, it requires ATP

Question 7

How does the body synthisize a protein?

Answer 7

DNA first codes for mRNA. Amino acids attactch themselves to mRNA in a specific sequence to form a protein.

Question 8

What may occur if just one amino acid is missing from the body?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis for proteins requiring this amino acid may be completely inhibited.

Question 9

What is a high quality protein?

Answer 9

A protein containing all 9 essential amino acids

Question 10

What is a low quality protein?

Answer 10

A protein which does not contain all 9 essential amino acids

Question 11

Where are high quality proteins generally found?

Answer 11

Animals sources

Question 12

Where are low quality proteins generally found?

Answer 12

Plant sources

Question 13

How could one obtain all 9 essential amino acids in their diet without consuming high quality proteins?

Answer 13

They could consume multiple low quality proteins which, if combined, contain all 9 essential amino acids.

Question 14

What is a limiting amino acid?

Answer 14

The amino acids which is present in the lowest quanitty compared to the need for this amino acid – may be higher in overall quantity than other amino acids, yet more of this amino acid may be required for synthesis of a certain protein than other amino acids which are lower in quanity in the body

Question 15

What is a method of judging protein quality?

Answer 15

Examine weight gained by an animal compared to grams of proteins fed to them (more weight, higher quality protein)

Question 16

What makes up an amino acid?

Answer 16

An acid group and a amino group

Question 17

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 17

A strong bond betwen amino acids which is generally not broken down by cooking

Question 18

Where does protein digestion begin?

Answer 18

The stomach

Question 19

Where is the primary site of protein digestion?

Answer 19

The small intestine

Question 20

What is gastrin? Where is it found? What is its function?

Answer 20

A hormone released in the stomach, it stimulates the release of acid and pepsin for protein digestion

Question 21

What is pepsin? Where is it found? What is its function

Answer 21

An enzyme released in the stomach, it helps to break down proteins into smaller peptones

Question 22

What is a peptone?

Answer 22

A smaller building block of a protein

Question 23

What are trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase? Where are they secreted? Where are they active? What is their function?

Answer 23

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas amd present in the small intestine, they help to break down peptones and proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids

Question 24

What is Kwashiorkor? Does this deal with calories, protein or both?

Answer 24

A disease resulting from protein deficiancy, not a defeiciancy in overall calories

Question 25

What is a notable symptom of Kwashiorkor?

Answer 25

A bloated belly

Question 26

What is Marasmus? Does this deal with calories, protein or both?

Answer 26

A disease resulting from protein deficiancy as well as overall calorie deficiancy

Question 27

What is a notable symptom of Marasmus?

Answer 27

Very low body weight and muscle mass

Question 28

What is the RDA for proteins?

Answer 28

.8 grams/Kg of lean body weight