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Biochemistry First Aid USMLE Step 1 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Used in TCA cycle (pyruvate Dehydrogenase, a-ketogluturate DH), HMP shunt (transketolase), branched chain amino acid DH…ATP synthesis

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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1
Q

Used by retina, bone growth, epithelial keratinization, embryo development…Antioxidant…can be used to treat AML and Measles

A

Vitamin A (Retinol)

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2
Q

Converted to THF, a coenzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation rxns.

  • Important for synth of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
  • Most common vit def in US, seen in alcoholism and pregnancy
A

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

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3
Q

Deficiency: Convulsions in infants, CNS (peripheral neuropathy), sideroblastic anemia

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyrimadine)

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4
Q

Deficiency leads to Night blindness, growth deformities, keratinization of epithelium, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia (dry conj.)

A

Vitamin A (Retinol)

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6
Q

Used as componant of FADH2 (ox/redox)

A 
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- Used for FAD and FMN from riboFlavin.
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7
Q

Used as Component of NAD+, NADP+ (redox reactions)

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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8
Q

Overdose leads to Pulmonary edema, resipratory distress, vascular collapse, death

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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9
Q

Deficiency leads to glossitis, pellagra (diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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10
Q

Used as part of CoA and needed for FA synthesis…put the FAT in the PAN

A

Vitamin B5 (Pantathoic acid)

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11
Q

Overdose: Chronic - peripheral neuropathy

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyrimadine)

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12
Q

Used for fatty acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, interconversion of amino acids
- Helps carboxylation enzymes

A

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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13
Q

Overdose: Diarrhea, water retention, prolong bleeding

A

Vitamin B5 (Pantathoic Acid)

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14
Q

Deficiency: Dermatitis, dry skin, alopecia, enteritis.

- from too many raw eggs or from antibiotic use.

A

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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15
Q

Def: Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs, neuro symptoms due to abnormal myelin.
- Can be irreversible if prolonged.

A

Vit B12 (cobalamin)

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16
Q

Excess leads to: Teratogen; acute - polar bear liver, coma, GI CNS, death; chronic - anorexia, hair loss, Hypertension, growth defects, skin changes, fatigue, headache, and arthralgias.

A

Vitamin A (Retinol)

17
Q

Used for Iron reduction (3+ -> 2+), hydroxylation of proline for collagen, DA -> NE

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

20
Q

Overdose: stones, hemolysis, sickle cell crisis, N/V

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

21
Q

Deficiency leads to Beriberi (polyneuritis), wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (because ATP depletion of highly aerobic tissue first…brain)

A

Vitamin B1, (Thiamine)

21
Q

Deficiency leads to Cheilosis (scaling at corners of mouth), corneal vascularization, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy

A 
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- The 2 C's of B2
21
Q

Used as Coenzyme for transamination rxns, oxidases, decarboxylases, amino acid metabolism; needed for NT and heme synthesis

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyrimadine)

23
Q

Used as Antioxidant (protects erythrocytes), neurologic function of column and tracts

A

Vitamin E

24
Q

Overdose: diarrhea, HA, fatigue

A

Vitamin E

25
Q

Used to Promotes synthesis of clotting factors

A

Vitamin K

26
Q

Deficiency: Dermatitis, alopecia, decreased hormone synthesis

A

Vitamin B5 (Pantathoic acid)

27
Q

Def: Prolonged bleeding

A

Vitamin K

28
Q

Overdose: hemolytic anemia, HA, Gi distress

A

Vitamin K

29
Q

Used to treat alcohol withdrawal

A

Thiamine

30
Q

Essential for enzymatic activity and important the formation of transcription factor motif (called what?)

A

Zinc – Zinc Fingers

31
Q

Biliary obstruction, esophagela cancer, infants at risk

A

Riboflavin deficiency

32
Q

Overdose: Facial flushing -> GI distress, pruritis -> liver tox, arrhythmias, pigmented hyperkeratosis (pigmented skin)

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

32
Q

People of eat a lot of corn products

A

Niacin deficiency

33
Q

Deficiency: Scurvy (gum hemorrhages, debility), Loss of tooth enamel, personality changes

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

34
Q

Def: Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/NO neuro symptoms.

- Can be caused by drugs (phenytoin, sulfas and MTX)

A

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

35
Q

Treat infants with Leiner’s disease (infants with eczema)

A

B7

36
Q

Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (transfers a methyl group.
- Found in animal products and synthesized only by microorganisms.

A

Vit B12 (cobalamin)

37
Q

Def: Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic), dysgeusia, anosmia, and may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis.

A

Zinc

38
Q

Def: hemolytic anemia, dystrophy, increased fragility of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia), posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination.

A

Vitamin E

Biochemistry First Aid USMLE Step 1 (6 decks)

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