Important Cytokines Flashcards
From First Aid USMLE Step 1 Section II, High-Yield Immunology, Page 200
1
Q
IL-1
A
- Secreted by Macrophages
- An endogenous pyrogen that causes fever and acute inflammation.
- Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules; induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.
2
Q
IL-6
A
- Secreted by Macrophages
- An endogenous pyrogen also secreted by Th2 cells.
- Causes fever and stimulates production of acute-phase proteins.
3
Q
IL-8
A
- Secreted by Macrophages
- Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils.
- “Clean up on aisle 8.” Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections.
4
Q
IL-12
A
- Secreted by Macrophages and B cells.
- Induces differentiation of T cells in Th1 cells.
- Activates NK cells.
5
Q
TNF-alpha
A
- Secreted by Macrophages.
- Mediates Septic Shock and activates endothelium.
- Causes leukocyte recruitment and vascular leakage.
6
Q
“Hot T-Bone stEAk”
A
- IL-1: fever (hot)
- IL-2: stimulates T cells
- IL-3: stimulates Bone marrow
- IL-4: stimulates IgE production
- IL-5: stimulates IgA production and Eosinophils
7
Q
IL-2
A
- Secreted by ALL T-cells
- Stimulates growth of helper (CD4), cytotoxic (CD8), and regulatory T cells.
8
Q
IL-3
A
- Secreted by ALL T-cells
- Supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells.
- Functions like GM-CSF.
9
Q
Interferon-gamma
A
- Secreted from Th1 cells
- Activates macrophages and Th1 cells but suppresses Th2 cells.
- Has antiviral and antitumor properties.
10
Q
IL-4
A
- Secreted from Th2 cells
- Induces differentiation into Th2 cells.
- Promotes growth of B cells.
- Enhances class switching from IgM to IgE and IgG.
11
Q
IL-5
A
- Secreted from Th2 cells
- Promotes differentiation of B cells.
- Enhances class switching to IgA.
- Stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
12
Q
IL-10
A
- Secreted from Th2 cells
- Modulates inflammatory response (similar to TGF-beta).
- Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1 while increasing those of Th2.
13
Q
TGF-Beta
A
- Inhibits cell proliferation by activation of growth-inhibiting genes, such as the CDKIs.
