Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamin A
Differentiation of specialized tissue Prevent Squamous metaplasia Rx: Measles + APML Def= Night blindness Teratogenic
B1= thiamine
Cofactor for ATP synthesis (ketogluterate, Transketolase, Pyruvate DH, branched chain AA dh)
Def= impaired glucose breakdown
Wernicke= confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Korsakoff= Confabulation, permanent memory loss (MBs)
Dry beriberi= Peripheral neuropathy
Wet beriberi= High output cardiac failure
B2 riboflavin
Cofactor in oxidation/ reduction rxns (FAD)
def= Cheilosis (lip inflam) + corneal vascularization (MD)
B3 niacin
Derived from Trp & requires B6 as cofactor for synthesis
Hartnup disease= dec Trp reabsorption
Carcinoid syndrome + INH (low B6) = Pellagra
Excess= FLUSHING + given to Increased HDL (aspirin)
B6 pyridoxine
Cofactor for transamination/ decarboxylation (AST/ALT)
Synthesis of heme, Niacin, histamine NTs (5HT, NE, GABA)
Def= INH = per Neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia, excess Fe
B7 Biotin
Cofactor for carboxylation or 1 carbon transfers
def= Antibiotic use or RAW EGGS
B9 Folate
Converted to THF a conenzyme for 1-carbon transfers/methylation
No Neuro symptoms compared to B12
Def= Phenytoin, Sulfas, MTX, ETOH, pregnancy
B12 cobalamin
cofactor for Homocysteine methyltransferase
Def= sprue, enteritis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Chrons, Pernicous anemia
Schilling test to determine Etiology of Def
S-adenosyl- methionine (SAM)
Transferes methyl groups (methionine)
Required for NE–> Epi
Vit C (Ascorbic acid)
Antioxidant, Iron absorption, DA–> NE
Def= Scurvy (collagen defects= bleeding gums, hemarthrosis)
Excess= Iron toxicity
Vit D (cacliferol)
Absorb Ca/ Phosphate, bone mineralization
Low in breast milk
Histiocytes of Granulomas activate Vit D
Vit E
Antioxidant, protects RBC membrane from free radicals
Def= Hemolytic anemia, Post column/spinocerebellar demyelination
Vit K
gamma Carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
Factors: II, VII, IX, X, C, S
Def= neonatal hem (sterile intestinal flora), Prolonged Antibiotic use,
NOT in Breast Milk
Zinc
Activity of enzymes
Def= Anosmia, dysgeusia (no taste), Delayed wound healing, Hypogonadism
Vitamin required for the decarboxylation of Glutamic acid to GABA? def causes Seizures.
B6 pyridoxine
What vitamin is required for Carboxylation and what is required for Decarboxylation?
Carboxylation = Biotin Decarboxylation = Thiamin + Lipoic acid
Biotin is involved in the carboxylation of what?
Pyruvate (Pyruvate –> OAA)
Acetyl CoA (AcoA–> Malonyl CoA)
Propionyl CoA –> Methylmalonyl CoA
What mineral is needed for oxidative metabolism, NT synthesis, and collagen synthesis?
Copper
What mineral is a component of Glutathione peroxidase?
Selenium
Mineral def:
Copper
Selenium
Zinc
Cu –> CNS defect, abnormal collagen cross-links
Selenium -> Cardiomyopathy
Zinc–> Growth retardation, impaired wound healing,
