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FA genetics/ Biochem > General principles > Flashcards

General principles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two Extrinsic Apoptotic pathways?

A

Fas ligand

CD8 release Granzyme & Perforin

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2
Q

What are reversible signs of cell injury?

A

Dec ATP= Swelling from dec ATPase action
Nuclear chromatin clumping
Fatty change
Ribosomal detachment

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3
Q

What are Irreversible signs of cell injury?

A 
Nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis
Ca influx= Caspase activation
Plasma membrane damage
Lysosomal rupture
Mitochondrial permeability
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4
Q

What inflammatory mediators are PMN chemotactic?

A

IL8
LTB4
C5a

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5
Q

What inflammatory mediators cause FEVER?

A

TNF
IL-1
PGE2

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6
Q

What are involved in PMN rolling?

A 
Vasculature= E/P selectins 
PMNs= Sialyl-Lewisx
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7
Q

What factors are involved in PMN Binding?

A 
Vasculature= ICAM-1
PMN= LFA-1 or "INTEGRIN"
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8
Q

PMN diapedesis?

A

PECAM-1

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9
Q

What do PMNs use to roll->bind->get out of BV?

A

Sialyl-lewisx -> INTEGRIN -> PECAM

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10
Q

What are some examples of injury causes by Free radicals?

A 
Retinopathy of prematurity (too much O2 given to baby)
Bronhopulmonary dysplasia 
Carbon tetrachloride
Acetaminophen
Iron overload
Reperfusion
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11
Q

What cytokines are important for making and maintaing granulomas?

A

Macs –> IL-12 –> Th1 –> IFN gamma
Macs secrete TNF to Maintain granuloma
Anti-TNF will cause breakdown of granuloma and thus disseminated TB

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12
Q 
What causes: 
Primary amyloidosis (AL)?
Secondary (AA)?
Dialysis related?
Heritable?
Senile? 
Organ specific?
A 
AL= Ig Light chains seen in MM
AA= Amyloid A from Chronic Inflammatory dz (RA, IBD)
Dialysis = Beta2 microglobulin (carpal tunnel, join pain)
Heritable = Transthyretin (prealbumin) 
Senile= TTR in heart/ tissue slowly
Organ = Amyloid Beta protein from APP (Alzh dz)
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13
Q

What is HER2/neu (erbB2)?

A

Tyrosine Kinase

Breast & ovarian cancer

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14
Q

What is ras?

A

GTPase oncogene

Colon cancer

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15
Q

L-myc & N-myc are?

A

Transcription factors

N=neuroblastoma/ L=lung

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16
Q

What is ret oncogene?

A

Tyrosine kinase

MEN2

17
Q

What is c-kit oncogene?

A

Cytokine receptor
GIST (GI stromal tumor)
Rx: Imatinib

18
Q

What are BRCA 1/2 tumor suppressor genes?

A

DNA repair proteins

Breast/ ovarian cancer

19
Q 
Tumor markers:
CEA
CA-125
S-100
ALP
Bombesin
CA19-9?
A 
CEA= Colorectal / pancreatic cancer
CA-125= Ovarian 
S100= Melanoma, neural tumors
ALP= bone Mets/ pagets dz
Bombesin= neuroblastoma, Lung, gastric cancer
CA19-9= Pancreatic cancer
20
Q

What cancers are associated with EBV?

A

Burkitts
Nasopharyngeal
CNS lymphoma
Hodgkins

21
Q

What cancers are associated with HPV?

A

cervical
Penile
URT SCC

22
Q

Cigarettes are associated with what cancers?

A 
Larynx= SCC
Lung= SCC + Small
Kidney = Renal cell
Bladder= Transitional
Pancreatic= Adeno
23
Q

Aniline/ naphthalene dyes are associated with?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

FA genetics/ Biochem (10 decks)

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