General pharm/ Biostats Equations

Question 1

Vmax is directly proportional to?

Answer 1

Enzyme concentration

Question 2

In Lineweaver burk plot what happens when:
Increase Y intercept?
Move X intercept to the right?

Answer 2

Higher Y intercept= Decreased Vmax

More right X-intercept= Higher Km= LOW affinity

Question 3

What is the slope of the Lineweaber-burk plot?

Answer 3

Km/ Vmax
High slope= High Km/ low Vmax
Low slope= Low Km / high Vmax

Question 4

Lineweaver-burk plot:
Y intercept=
X intercept=

Answer 4

Y = 1 / Vmax
X = 1 / -Km

Question 5

What effects to Competitive vs Noncompetitive inhibitors have on the Lineweaver-Burk plot?

Answer 5

Competitive= Higher Km (cross each other)
Non-competitive= Lower Vmax

Question 6

Noncompetitive inhibitors?

Answer 6

Decrease Vmax & Efficacy

Question 7

Competitive inhibitors?

Answer 7

Increase Km & Decrease Potency

Question 8

Equation for Vd?

Answer 8

Vd= amount of drug in body/ Plasma concentration

Question 9

What kind of drug has LOW Vd (plasma 3-5L)?

Answer 9

Large
Charged
Protein bound

Question 10

What is the t1/2?

Answer 10

4/5 steady states

t1/2= 0.7 x Vd / CL

Question 11

LD equation?

Answer 11

LD = Cp x Vd / F

Question 12

MD equation?

Answer 12

MD = Cp x CL / F

Question 13

Muscarinic receptors that are ODD are? Even?

Answer 13

Odd= Excitatory 
Even= Inhibitory

Question 14

Actions of alpha 1 receptors?

Answer 14

Smooth muscle contraction
Pupillary dilation
Intestinal/ bladder sphincter contractions

Question 15

Beta 1 receptors actions?

Answer 15

HR, contractility
Increase RENIN
inc Lipolysis

Question 16

Beta 2 receptors action?

Answer 16

Vasodilator/ bronchodilator
Increase Insulin
Uterine relaxation
inc Aqueous humor production

Question 17

M1 receptors?

Answer 17

CNS

Enteric nervous system

Question 18

M2 receptors?

Answer 18

Dec HR/ contractility

Question 19

M3 receptors?

Answer 19

Gland secretions
Gut peristalsis 
Bladder contraction
Bronchoconstriction 
Mieosis/ Accommodation

Question 20

What receptors active via PLC-> IP3-> Ca (aka q receptors)?

Answer 20

alpha 1
H1
M1 & M3
Rest are cAMP

Question 21

ALL SNS, PNS, DA, Histamine, and Vasopressin receptors what 2nd messenger system?

Answer 21

G protein coupled

Question 22

What is the difference btwn PKC & PKA?

Answer 22

PKC= Ca related 
PKA= cAMP related

Question 23

Odds ration?

Answer 23

OR = (a/c) / (b/d) = ad/bc

Question 24

Relative risk?

Answer 24

RR = a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)

Question 25

Attributable risk?

Answer 25

difference btwn Exposed & not exposed

AR = a/ (a+b) - c/(c+d)

Question 26

Absolute risk reduction?

Answer 26

Decreased Risk associated with Treatment compared to control
ARR= Rx risk - Control risk

Question 27

Number needed to treat?

Answer 27

# treated so 1 can benefit
NNT= 1/ ARR (1/decreased risk with Rx)

Question 28

Number needed to harm?

Answer 28

# needed to be exposed for 1 to be harmed
NNH = 1/ AR