General pharm/ Biostats Equations Flashcards
Vmax is directly proportional to?
Enzyme concentration
In Lineweaver burk plot what happens when:
Increase Y intercept?
Move X intercept to the right?
Higher Y intercept= Decreased Vmax
More right X-intercept= Higher Km= LOW affinity
What is the slope of the Lineweaber-burk plot?
Km/ Vmax
High slope= High Km/ low Vmax
Low slope= Low Km / high Vmax
Lineweaver-burk plot:
Y intercept=
X intercept=
Y = 1 / Vmax X = 1 / -Km
What effects to Competitive vs Noncompetitive inhibitors have on the Lineweaver-Burk plot?
Competitive= Higher Km (cross each other) Non-competitive= Lower Vmax
Noncompetitive inhibitors?
Decrease Vmax & Efficacy
Competitive inhibitors?
Increase Km & Decrease Potency
Equation for Vd?
Vd= amount of drug in body/ Plasma concentration
What kind of drug has LOW Vd (plasma 3-5L)?
Large
Charged
Protein bound
What is the t1/2?
4/5 steady states
t1/2= 0.7 x Vd / CL
LD equation?
LD = Cp x Vd / F
MD equation?
MD = Cp x CL / F
Muscarinic receptors that are ODD are? Even?
Odd= Excitatory Even= Inhibitory
Actions of alpha 1 receptors?
Smooth muscle contraction
Pupillary dilation
Intestinal/ bladder sphincter contractions
Beta 1 receptors actions?
HR, contractility
Increase RENIN
inc Lipolysis
Beta 2 receptors action?
Vasodilator/ bronchodilator
Increase Insulin
Uterine relaxation
inc Aqueous humor production
M1 receptors?
CNS
Enteric nervous system
M2 receptors?
Dec HR/ contractility
M3 receptors?
Gland secretions Gut peristalsis Bladder contraction Bronchoconstriction Mieosis/ Accommodation
What receptors active via PLC-> IP3-> Ca (aka q receptors)?
alpha 1
H1
M1 & M3
Rest are cAMP
ALL SNS, PNS, DA, Histamine, and Vasopressin receptors what 2nd messenger system?
G protein coupled
What is the difference btwn PKC & PKA?
PKC= Ca related PKA= cAMP related
Odds ration?
OR = (a/c) / (b/d) = ad/bc
Relative risk?
RR = a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
Attributable risk?
difference btwn Exposed & not exposed
AR = a/ (a+b) - c/(c+d)
Absolute risk reduction?
Decreased Risk associated with Treatment compared to control
ARR= Rx risk - Control risk
Number needed to treat?
# treated so 1 can benefit NNT= 1/ ARR (1/decreased risk with Rx)
Number needed to harm?
# needed to be exposed for 1 to be harmed NNH = 1/ AR
