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Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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2
Q

Which type of vitamins are stored in larger amounts?

A

Fat-soluble

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3
Q

Replacing lost ingredients

A

Enriched

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4
Q

Adding extra nutrients to food

A

Fortified

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5
Q

Inactive vitamins

A

Provitamins

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6
Q

Vitamin that functions in vision, cell development, reproduction, bones and immunity

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

Forms of vitamin A

A

Active (retinoids) and carotenoids

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8
Q

Retinal, retinol, retinoic acids

A

Types of active vitamin A

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9
Q

Types of active vitamin A

A

Retinal, retinol, retinoic acids

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10
Q

Vitamin A sources

A

Animal, plant, fortified foods

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11
Q

Poor vision, cell development, and immune function

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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12
Q

Vitamin A deficiency can cause

A

Poor vision, cell development, and immune function

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13
Q

Vitamin A toxicity

A

Can be fatal

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14
Q

Vitamin A Functions

A

Vision, cells, immune system, reproduction, bones

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15
Q

Vitamin A deficiency specific deficiency issues

A

Xerophthalmia, keratin plugging pores, vulnerable to infection, slow growth, bone deformities

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16
Q

Xerophthalmia, keratin plugging pores, vulnerable to infection, slow growth, bone deformities

A

Vitamin A deficiency specific deficiency issues

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17
Q

What causes Xerophthalmia?

A

Vitamin A deficency

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18
Q

Vitamin A deficiency that causes a dry cornea

A

Xerophthalmia

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19
Q

Vitamin A deficiency involving skin

A

Keratin clogging pores

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20
Q

Vitamin A deficiency involving immune system

A

Vulnerable to infection

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21
Q

Other vitamin A deficiencies

A

Slow growth, bone deformities

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22
Q

Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity

A

Fatigue, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone & joint pain, loss of appetite, skin disorder, headache, blurred vision, liver damage

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23
Q

Vitamin A toxicity causes this for pregnancy

A

Teratogen

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24
Q

Agent that causes birth defect

A

Teratogen

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25
Q

Vitamin A toxicity teratogen causes

A

Cleft palate, heart defects, discolored skin

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26
Q

Plant pigments that convert to vitamin A

A

Carotenoids

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27
Q

What skin product can cause vitamin A toxicity?

A

Acne treatment

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28
Q

Carotenoid functions

A

Vision, reduce cancer risk, cataracts, bone loss, diabetes, macular degeneration

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29
Q

Vision, reduce cancer risk, cataracts, bone loss, diabetes, macular degeneration

A

Carotenoid functions

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30
Q

Where is Vitamin D activated?

A

Liver and kidney

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31
Q

Vitamin D functions

A

Bone health, protects against cancer and chronic disease, regulation of insulin and secretion

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32
Q

Vitamin A sources

A

liver, milk, egg yolk

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33
Q

Vitamin D sources

A

sunlight, fortified milk, fortified foods

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34
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in children

A

Rickets

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35
Q

Weak bones prone to deformity in children, vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

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36
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in adults

A

Osteomalacia and osteoporosis

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37
Q

Softening of bones, increased risk of fractures, Vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia

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38
Q

Decreased bone density, causes fractures, brittle bones, Vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteoporosis

39
Q

Vitamin D Toxicity

A

Hypercalcomia

40
Q

Elevated calcium levels in blood, Vitamin D toxicity

A

Hypercalcomia

41
Q

Vitamin E forms

A

Eight Alpha compounds

42
Q

Vitamin E functions

A

Antioxidant

43
Q

Protects cell membranes from free radicals

A

Antioxidant

44
Q

Vitamin E sources

A

Nuts, seeds, whole grains

45
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Occurs with fat malnutrition, rare genetic disorder

46
Q

Vitamin E toxicity

A

Interfere with blood clotting

47
Q

Vitamin K functions

A

Blood clotting, bone formation

48
Q

Vitamin K sources

A

Green vegetables, plant oils, intestinal bacteria

49
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Rare, can occur in newborn babies

50
Q

Vitamin K toxicity

A

Interferes with anticoagulant medications, rare

51
Q

Primarily coenzymes, antioxidants

A

Water soluble vitamins

52
Q

Thiamine, B1 Functions

A

Coenzyme in energy metabolisms, part of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

53
Q

Coenzyme that breaks down glucose, makes RNA & DNA, powers protein synthesis, and synthesizes and regulates neurotransmitters

A

Thiamine Pyrophosphate

54
Q

Thiamine B1 Sources

A

Pork, legumes, nuts, seeds, enriched grain products

55
Q

Thiamin deficiency

56
Q

Thiamin deficiency, causes muscle weakness and nerve destruction

57
Q

Thiamin Toxicity

A

No reports

58
Q

Riboflavin B2 functions

A

Coenzyme in energy metabolism, supports antioxidants

59
Q

Riboflavin B2 sources

A

Milk and dairy, enriched grains, eggs

60
Q

Riboflavin B2 Deficiency

A

Ariboflavinosis

61
Q

Mouth sores and cracking, Riboflavin deficiency

A

Ariboflavinosis

62
Q

Niacin B3 Functions

A

Coenzyme, supports fatty acid synthesis

63
Q

Niacin B3 sources

A

Can be made from amino acid, whole and enriched grains, meats, nuts, seeds

64
Q

Niacin B3 Deficiency

65
Q

4 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death, Niacin B3 deficiency

66
Q

Niacin B3 toxicity and medicinal uses

A

High doses treat blood cholesterol, side effects: Skin flushing, liver damage

67
Q

Vitamin B6 function

A

Coenzyme in protein metabolism, immune system support, lower homocysteine levels

68
Q

Vitamin B6 Sources

A

Meat, fish, potatos

69
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

70
Q

Small and pale blood cells, vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

71
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity

A

Neurological damage, prickling sensation, headache

72
Q

Folate Functions

A

Coenzymes in DNA synthesis and cell division, needed for red blood cell synthesis, reduce neural tube deficits, metabolize homocystiene

73
Q

Folate sources

A

Enriched grains, leafy vegetables, orange juice, seeds, legumes

74
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia and diarrhea

75
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia, birth defects (spina bifida), heart disease

76
Q

Spinal cord doesn’t close properly, folate deficiency of mother

A

Spina Bifida

77
Q

Folate toxicity

A

Can mask B12 deficiency, can cause hives, respiratory defects

78
Q

Vitamin B12 functions

A

Normal folate function: DNA & red blood cell synthesis and metabolize homocysteine, maintain myelin sheath

79
Q

Vitamin B12 sources

A

Only animal products

80
Q

Vitamin that requires adequate stomach acid and intrinsic factor for absorption

A

Vitamin B12

81
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia, permanent nerve damage

82
Q

Decreased amount of red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

83
Q

Pantothenic Acid Function

A

Component of Coenzyme A

84
Q

Pantothenic Acid sources

A

widespread in food

85
Q

Biotin Functions

A

Coenzyme, AA metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, energy release from fatty acids, DNA synthesis

86
Q

Biotin Sources

A

cauliflower, liver, peanuts, cheese

87
Q

Vitamin C functions

A

Antioxidants, collagen synthesis, enhances iron absorption from plants

88
Q

Vitamin C sources

A

Fruits and vegetables

89
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

90
Q

Sores on skin, vitamin C deficiency

91
Q

Vitamin C toxicity

A

GI distress

92
Q

Choline Function

A

Metabolize homosysteine

93
Q

Choline Sources

A

Milk, liver

94
Q

Unnecessary substances in some supplements

A

Bogus vitamins

Nutrition (5 decks)

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