Vitamins

Question 1

What is the primary form of Vitamin A?

Answer 1

Retinol

Retinol is also known as Vitamin A1 and is crucial for vision and skin health.

Question 2

What are the two forms of Vitamin A?

Answer 2

• Retinol
• Retinal

Retinol and retinal are preformed vitamin A, while provitamin A includes carotenoids.

Question 3

What is the function of retinoic acid?

Answer 3

It is involved in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation.

Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of retinol.

Question 4

What are carotenoids?

Answer 4

Provitamin A compounds found in fruits and vegetables.

Carotenoids can be converted into retinol in the body.

Question 5

What is a dietary source of Vitamin D?

Answer 5

Fatty fish and fortified foods.

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Question 6

What condition is caused by Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 6

Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia leads to softening of bones due to inadequate mineralization.

Question 7

What is the primary function of Vitamin K?

Answer 7

Blood clotting

Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins that mediate blood coagulation.

Question 8

What are the two forms of Vitamin K?

Answer 8

• K1 (phylloquinone)
• K2 (menaquinones)

K1 is found in green leafy vegetables, while K2 is found in fermented foods and animal products.

Question 9

What deficiency can lead to neonatal hemorrhagic disease?

Answer 9

Vitamin K deficiency

This condition is particularly concerning in newborns.

Question 10

What is Thiamine also known as?

Answer 10

Vitamin B1

Thiamine is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and neural function.

Question 11

What deficiency results in Beriberi?

Answer 11

Thiamine deficiency

Beriberi can manifest as ‘dry’ (neurological) or ‘wet’ (cardiovascular) forms.

Question 12

What is Riboflavin also known as?

Answer 12

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin is important for energy production and cellular function.

Question 13

What is the role of Niacin?

Answer 13

Supports metabolism and is involved in redox reactions.

Niacin is also known as Vitamin B3 and can be synthesized from tryptophan.

Question 14

What deficiency is associated with Pellagra?

Answer 14

Niacin deficiency

Pellagra is characterized by the three D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

Question 15

What is Pantothenic Acid also known as?

Answer 15

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid is necessary for synthesizing coenzyme A and fatty acids.

Question 16

What is the role of Pyridoxine?

Answer 16

Vitamin B6, involved in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis.

Pyridoxine deficiency can lead to anemia and peripheral neuropathy.

Question 17

What is the effect of vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 17

Vitamin deficiencies can lead to various medical conditions.

Question 18

What can cause biotin deficiency?

Answer 18

Antibiotics can cause biotin deficiency by affecting gut flora.

Question 19

What is a consequence of folate deficiency?

Answer 19

Folate deficiency can lead to neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Question 20

What are the effects of B7 and B5 deficiencies?

Answer 20

Deficiencies in B7 and B5 can lead to nerve damage.

Question 21

What is the role of one carbon donor?

Answer 21

One carbon donor is essential for various metabolic processes.

Question 22

What can methotrexate therapy cause?

Answer 22

Methotrexate therapy can lead to a deficiency in cobalamin.

Question 23

What is the significance of cobalamin?

Answer 23

Cobalamin is not toxic and can be stored in the body.

Question 24

What is the relationship between homocysteine and methionine?

Answer 24

Homocysteine is converted to methionine in the body.

Question 25

What is pernicious anemia?

Answer 25

Pernicious anemia is a condition related to methylmalonyl-CoA metabolism.

Question 26

What can cause malabsorption of vitamin B12?

Answer 26

Gastrectomy and parasitic infections can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B12.

Question 27

Who is at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 27

Vegans are at a higher risk for vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 28

What is a consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 28

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia.