Vitamins

Question 1

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

A, E, D, K

Question 2

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

B vitamins and vitamin C

Question 3

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed and how are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 3

fat soluble - first into the lymph and then into the blood, water- absorbed directly into the blood

Question 4

How is water soluble vitamins storage different from fat soluble?

Answer 4

fat s=stored in the liver or fatty tissues;
water s= not stored in the body

Question 5

How are water soluble vitamins excreted and how are fat-soluble ?

Answer 5

fat soluble tend to build up in the tissues, water-soluble - readily excreted in the urine

Question 6

How is vitamins A provitamin called?

Answer 6

retinoid , xanthophylls

Question 7

What are soirces of retinol (A) adn retinoids, xantophyls?

Answer 7

retinol: fish oil, liver, eggs, milk
Retinoids and xanthophylls: fruits (apricot, peach), vegetables (carrot, spinach, other leaves vegetables); margarins

Question 8

What are the names of vitamins D provitamins?

Answer 8

7-dehydrocholesterol

ergosterol

Question 9

What is calcitriol? What its function?

Answer 9

hormon, active form of vitamin D,
stimulate calcium and phosphate resorption from intestine.
It regulate, together with hormone calcitonin and parathormone, the calcium metabolism (resorption, insertion
to skeleton bone, excretion)

Question 10

What are tocopherols, tocotrienols?

Answer 10

They have vitamin E activity

Question 11

What is function of vitamin D?

Answer 11

in organism - antioxidant
* inactivation of free radicals and singlet oxygen;
in foods – antioxidant

Question 12

What are the sources of tocotrienols and tocopherols?

Answer 12

germinated wheat
plant oils

Question 13

What are functions of vitamin K?

Answer 13

Synthesis of blood-clotting proteins and bone proteins

Question 14

What are good sources of vitamin K?

Answer 14

steamed cabbage
steamed spinach
soybeans
cooked kale
green salad

Question 15

What is thiamine B1 function in organism?

Answer 15

Activater of some enzymes of energy metabolism

Question 16

Riboflavine B2 Function in organism:

Answer 16

co-factor of oxidoreductases (predominant enzymes of energy
metabolism)

Question 17

Nicotinic acid-niacin-vitamin B3 function in organism

Answer 17

Main co-factor of oxidoreductases – main influence on energy metabolism

Question 18

What are the main functions of the Pantothenic acid B5?

Answer 18

Transport of acyl-groups (R-CO-) in organism
Necessary for energy metabolism – citric acid cycle; β-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 19

What are main functions in organism of Pyridoxine B6?

Answer 19

Co-factor of various enzymes:
 Phosphorylases: glycogene decomposition to glucose
 Transaminases, amino acid decarboxylases: amino acid metabolism in liver

Question 20

What are the functions of Folic acid B9
in an organism?

Answer 20

Transport of 1C-groups(H-CO-; CH3
-,HO-CH2-) in organism
Necessary mainly for amino acid metabolim – formation of purine derivatives,
creatine

Question 21

What are main functions in body of Cobalamine B12?

Answer 21

 Co-enzyme of various enzymes; e.g. Isomerases
 Necessary for erythrocyte formation

Question 22

B7, vitamin Biotin functions in organism?

Answer 22

Co-enzyme of carboxylase – amino acid metabolism; energy metabolism

Question 23

Ascorbic acid-vitamin C functions in organisms?

Answer 23

antioxidant, anti-scorbutic factor

Question 24

Know the sources of vitamins