Carbohydrates

Question 1

Tell an example of monosaccharide

Answer 1

glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose

Question 1

How many sugar units contain monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 1

1
2-10
>10

Question 2

Tell an example of disaccharide

Answer 2

Maltose (composed of 2 glucose) (in milk), sucrose (glucose and fructose), lactose (glucose and galactose)

Question 3

Tell an example of polysaccharide

Answer 3

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 4

Name one ketose and one aldose

Answer 4

Aldose-glucose, ketose- fructose

Question 5

Tell examples of bounded monosacharides

Answer 5

ribose, glycoprotein, glycolipid

Question 6

What is glycogen? What does it consists of?

Answer 6

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate and a form of energy storage in animals and humans. It is a polysaccharide made up of many glucose molecules linked together, and it serves as the body’s primary short-term energy reserve.

Question 7

What does utilizable saccharides mean?

Answer 7

The ones that the body can break down and use for energy

Question 8

What does flatulence factors mean?

Answer 8

“Flatulence factors” refer to specific compounds in certain foods that can cause an increase in gas production (flatulence) in the digestive system.

Question 9

Tell examples of non-utilizable saccharides (dietery fiber)

Answer 9

Cellulose, pectin, chitin

Question 10

Are non-utilizable saccharides healthy?

Answer 10

Yes, they contribute to improved digestion, blood sugar control, heart health

Question 11

What are 2 main functions of dietery fiber?

Answer 11

Increasing of food volume
Increasing of peristaltic motions in large intestine
Bounding of some compounds (cholesterol, free radicals, fats, heavy metals)

Question 12

What does peristaltic motions mean?

Answer 12

These motions move food, liquids, or other substances through the body.

Question 13

What are ways monosaccharides can be metabolized?

Answer 13

Glucose metabolism: Hormone insulin facilitates the admittance of glucose to cells

Conversion to glucose (regulated)

direct glycolysis without regulation – mainly fructose
or galactose – owing to obesity can to intensifies

Question 14

What condition is glycosuria?

Answer 14

Glycosuria occurs when blood glucose levels are high enough that the kidneys can’t reabsorb all of it, causing glucose to “spill” into the urine.

Question 15

What is glucose used for?

Answer 15

oxidation reaction (ATP formation)
for glycogen synthesis
for forming fats
conversion to other important saccharides (e.g. ribose,
galactose)

Question 16

GLYCAEMIA. What is it?

Answer 16

Glucose in blood

Question 17

What is the main difference between insuline and glucagone

Answer 17

Insuline reduces sugar levels in blood adn glucagone-increases.

Question 18

What is Hyperglycaemia?

Answer 18

Hyperglycemia refers to a condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is most commonly associated with diabetes but can occur in other contexts as well.

Question 19

What causes DIABETES MELLITUS - type I?

Answer 19

Absence or low formation of insulin

Question 20

What causes Diabetes type2?

Answer 20

Insulin is produced but not effectively used (resistance)

Question 21

Name 2 examples of Sweeteners on the saccharide base

Answer 21

sorbitol, fructose

Question 22

Name 2 ex of Synthetic sweeteners

Answer 22

saccharin, aspartame

Question 23

Protein hydratation meaning

Answer 23

protein hydration is critical for proteins to maintain their biological activity, stability, and interactions within a living system.