Carbohydrates

Question 1

Tell an example of monosaccharide

Answer 1

glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose

Question 1

How many sugar units contain monosaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides?

Answer 1

1
2-10
>10

Question 2

Tell an example of disaccharide

Answer 2

Maltose (in milk), sucrose, lactose

Question 3

Tell an example of polysaccharide

Answer 3

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 4

Name one ketose and one aldose

Answer 4

Aldose-glucose, ketose- fructose

Question 5

Tell examples of bounded monosacharides

Answer 5

ribose, glycoprotein, glycolipid

Question 6

Is glycogen a free saccharide?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

What does utilizable saccharides mean?

Answer 7

The ones that the body can break down and use for energy

Question 8

What does flatulence factors mean?

Answer 8

“Flatulence factors” refer to specific compounds in certain foods that can cause an increase in gas production (flatulence) in the digestive system.

Question 9

Tell examples of non-utilizable saccharides (dietery fiber)

Answer 9

Cellulose, pectin, chitin

Question 10

Are non-utilizable saccharides healthy?

Answer 10

Yes, they contribute to improved digestion, blood sugar control, heart health

Question 11

What are 2 main functions of dietery fiber?

Answer 11

Increasing of food volume
Increasing of peristaltic motions in large intestine
Bounding of some compounds (cholesterol, free radicals, fats, heavy metals)

Question 12

What does peristaltic motions mean?

Answer 12

These motions move food, liquids, or other substances through the body.

Question 13

What are ways monosaccharides can be metabolized?

Answer 13

Glucose metabolism: Hormone insulin facilitates the admittance of glucose to cells

Conversion to glucose (regulated)

direct glycolysis without regulation – mainly fructose
or galactose – owing to obesity can to intensifies

Question 14

What condition is glycosuria?

Answer 14

Glycosuria occurs when blood glucose levels are high enough that the kidneys can’t reabsorb all of it, causing glucose to “spill” into the urine.

Question 15

What is glucose used for?

Answer 15

oxidation reaction (ATP formation)
for glycogen synthesis
for forming fats
conversion to other important saccharides (e.g. ribose,
galactose)

Question 16

GLYCAEMIA. What is it?

Answer 16

Glucose in blood

Question 17

What is the main difference between insuline and glucagone

Answer 17

Insuline reduces sugar levels in blood adn glucagone-increases.

Question 18

Diabetes mellitus. How does it occur?

Answer 18

When there is produced not enough insulin or there is no at all, which leads to wrong admittance of blood to cells.

Question 19

What is Hyperglycaemia?

Answer 19

Hyperglycemia refers to a condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is most commonly associated with diabetes but can occur in other contexts as well.

Question 20

What causes DIABETES MELLITUS - type I?

Answer 20

Auto – immune destruction of pancreatic cells (Langerhans isles) generating of
insulin (macrophages in blood)
Absence or low formation of insulin

Question 21

What causes Diabetes type2?

Answer 21

Insulinoresistance – lowered sensitivity of tissues to insulin – absence of
insulin of organism

Question 22

Name 2 examples of Sweeteners on the saccharide base

Answer 22

sorbitol, fructose

Question 23

Name 2 ex of Synthetic sweeteners

Answer 23

saccharin, aspartame

Question 24

Protein hydratation meaning

Answer 24

protein hydration is critical for proteins to maintain their biological activity, stability, and interactions within a living system.