lipids Flashcards
Sterols can be plant, animal or microbiological origin. Name the examples
Animal: cholesterol
Plant: phytosterols
Microbiological: ergosterol
Name the main functions of phospholipids. What is their structure? Give examples
Functions:
enable the connection of water and oil phases and act as emulsifiers
Structure: polar part consists of 2 parts: phosphate and organic molecule (choline/serine/inositol)
Non-polar part: glycerol+2 fatty acids
Examples: phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylinositol.
More saturated fats are more stable against oxidation
(positive health effect), but it are lower soluble in
blood plasma (negative).
More unsaturated fats are
lower stable against
oxidation (negative),but it
are more soluble in blood
plasma (positive)
Is it true?
yes
What are the disadvantages of animal fats?
High content of saturated fatty acids (cholesterol, cardiovascular diseasses)
Low content of essential fatty acids (linoleic acids: omega 3. omega 6)
Higher content of cholestreol
Monoenoic and polyenoic fats mean that
they have 1 double bond or two and more
What is the function of lipoprotein? What are the types of lipoproteins? Describe them.
Lipoproteins play as lipid carriers in the bloodstream. LDL-low density lipoproteins: are weak polar, higher cholesterol level in LDL is important risk factor of
cardiovascular diseases
HDL – high density
lipoproteins
highly polar
HDL removes excess cholesterol from cells and transports it to the liver for excretion or recycling.
What is Hypercholesterolaemia?
It is a medical condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
Hyperlipaemia
High levels of lipids: triacylglycerols and cholesterol
What is the role of cholesterol in organism? What does synthesize it?
component of cell
membranes – mainly in brain and nervous
tissues
Used for cell membrane formation
Liver synthesize most amount of
cholesterol
Recommended maximal intake is 300 mg
per day
