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Animal Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fat soluable vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

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2
Q

In fat soluable vitamins, deficiences happen?

A

Slower

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3
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins?

A

B and C

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4
Q

Deficiences in water soluable vitamins happen?

A

Quickly

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5
Q

Vitamins are added as _______ in a pre-mix

A

supplement

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6
Q

Ruminants do or do not require vitamin B and vitamin K?

A

Do not require.

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7
Q

Ruminants don’t need vitamin B and K, because?

A

Microbes synthesize all B and K vitamin

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8
Q

What catagory of vitamins are found in the body?

A

Fat

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9
Q

What catagory of vitamins are not found in the body?

A

Water

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10
Q

Define vitamin

A

Organic compounds required in animals diets in small amounts because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

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11
Q

What vitamin exhibits the display of retinol?

A

Vitamin A

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12
Q

Vitamin A functions are?

A
  1. vision
  2. cell proliferation
  3. Gene transcription
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13
Q

Vitamin A deficiences are?

A

night blindness
Abnormal bone growth
Rough hair coat
Degeneration of mucous membrane
Impaired growth

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14
Q

Toxicity results of Vitamin A are?

A

Skeletal malfunctions
Reduced growth
Conjunctivitis
Reproductive failure

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15
Q

The vitamin known as the “sunshine vitamin”

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

Where is Vitamin D synthesized?

A

In the skin

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17
Q

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin D?

A

Vitamin D2
Vitamin D3

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18
Q

Vitamin D2 is also known as?

A

Ergocalciferol

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19
Q

Vitamin D3 is also known as?

A

Cholecalciferol

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20
Q

Vitamin D2 is found in what sources?

A

plant

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21
Q

Vitamin D3 is found in what sources?

A

Animal

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22
Q

Where is 25-hydroxvitamin D3 produced?

A

Liver

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23
Q

Where 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 produced?

A

Kidney

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24
Q

What are the funtions of Vitamin D?

A

Maintain calcium homeostasis
Increase intestinal absorption
Increase Ca mobelization from bone

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25
Q

Deficiency if Vitamin D can show up as?

A

Rickets

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26
Q

What is Rickets?

A

Bow legged symptoms.
Lack of Ca, so bones soften; as weight is added, the legs cannot support weight and bow out.

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27
Q

This vitamin is also known as a-tocopherol

28
Q

Functions of Vitamin E?

A

Prevention of membrane lipids from oxidative damage.
Vitamins E breaks down free radical.

29
Q

Where is Vitamin E found?

A

Cell membrane

30
Q

Deficiencies of Vitamin E can show up as?

A

Muscular dystrophy-weaking
Liver necrosis-liver becomes oxidized
Fetal resoption- pregnancy not maintained
Encephalomalacia (crazy chick)- softening of brian due to oxidation

31
Q

This vitamin is involved in protein synthesis

32
Q

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin K?

A

Phylloquinone and Menaquinone

33
Q

Functions of Vitamin K?

A

Involved in protein synthesis
Osteocalcin-promotes calcification of bones
**Clotting factors are dependant on vitamin k

34
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin K can be show up as?

A

Reduced blood clotting ability

35
Q

B vitamins can or cannot be synthesized by the body?

36
Q

Function of B Vitamins

A

Some function as enxymes-cofactors in energy metabolism

37
Q

What are the B Vitamin numbers? How many total?

A

8 total B vitamins
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

38
Q

What are the B vitamins name with their numbers?

A

B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B5- Pantothetic acid
B6-Pyrodoxine
B7- Biotin
B9- Folic acid
B12- Cobalomin/ cyancobalomin

39
Q

Functions of Thiamin- B1

A

Decarboxylation of ketoacids
Transketolations

40
Q

Deficiencies of thiamin can be seen as?

A

Impaired carbohydrate metabolism

41
Q

Symptoms of thiamine can be seen as?

A

Anorexia
Convuslsions
Paralysis
Reduced heart rate
Subnormal body temperature

42
Q

Function of Riboflavin- B2

A

Flavocoenzymes
*flavin mononucleotide (oxidation of Nad-NADH)
*flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD- ATP synthase)

43
Q

Symptoms of Riboflavin can be seen as

A

Curled toe paralysis in chicks
Reduced egg production and hatchability
Skin lesions
Reduced growth
Reproductive failure
Impact on meiosis, so its reproduction won’t happen

44
Q

This B vitamin is also known as “Nictinic Acid”

A

Vitamin B-3 and Niacin

45
Q

Functions of Niacin- B3

A

Formation of NAD and NADH

46
Q

Deficiency of Niacin can be seen as?

A

The 3 D’s
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea

47
Q

Function of Pantothenic Acid- B5?

A

Coenzyme A synthesis
Acyl carrier protein synthesis

48
Q

Deficieny symptoms of Pantothenic acid- B5 can be seen as?

A

Reduced growth
Dermatitis
Goose stepping gait in pigs

49
Q

Vitamin B-6 has is also known as?

A

pyridoxine

50
Q

Pyridoxine- B6 functions?

A

cofactor for enzymes

51
Q

B6 is a cofeactor for what enzymes?

A

Aminotransferases
Decarboxylases
Heme biosynthesis
Cysteine synthesis
Glycogen phosphorylase

52
Q

Deficiency of pyrodoxine (B6) symptoms?

A

Convulsions
Dermatitis
Impaired reproduction

53
Q

What is the function of Folate -B9?

A

1-carbon metabolism

54
Q

Deficiency of folate symptom?

55
Q

This is the only vitamin not found in plant sources?

A

B12- Cobalomin

56
Q

Functions of cobalamin-B12?

A

Cofactor for 2 enzymes
Intrinsic factor
-methylmalonyl CoA mutase
-methlonine synthase

57
Q

Deficiency of cobalamin symptoms are?

A

Decreased growth
Anemia
Poor reproduction

58
Q

Function of Vitamin B7-Biotin?

A

Carboxylase synthesis
Acetyl Co A carboxylase
Pyruvate carboxylase
Propional CoA carboxylase
3-methylcrotionyl CoA carboxylase

59
Q

Deficiency of biotin symptoms are? Rumants vs non-ruminants

A

Non-ruminants: dermatitis, cracks in foot pads, poor growth, loss of hair or feathers
Ruminants: hoof fracks, lesions

60
Q

This vitamin is also known as the absorbic acid

61
Q

Vitamin C is synthesized from?
Species that have vitamin C, requieremnts lack what?

A

Glucose
Gulonolactone oxidase

62
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

A

Required for oxygenase activity
-collagen synthesis
-carnitine synthesis
-norepinephrine synthesis
-activation of peptide hormones
-tyrosine oxidation

Antioxidant- located in cytosol and extracellular fluids— water soluable

63
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin C?

A

Scurvy; bruising/hemorrhaging, rough coat, painful joints, lethargy, dental issues

64
Q

This is sometimes considered a “vitamin” but not a dietary essential.

65
Q

Functions of Choline

A

Phospholipid synthesis
Neutrotransmisission
Chylomicron synthesis
Methyl group donor

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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