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Animal Nutrition > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the insulin independent transporters?

A

GLUT 1, GLUT 2, GLUT 3

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2
Q

What is the insulin dependent transporter?

A

GLUT 4

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3
Q

Normal blood glucose levels?

A

4-6 mM

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4
Q

Converts glucose into 2 pyruvate

A

Glycolysis

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5
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

What regulates glycolysis?

A
  1. Glucose transport
  2. Glucokinase
  3. Phosphofructokinase-1
  4. Pyruvate kinase
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7
Q

What is: a complex polymer of glucose molecules?

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

Glycogen is the stored form of what and where?

A

Glucose, in liver and muscle.

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9
Q

The synthesis of glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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10
Q

Regulations of glycogenesis?

A

Glucose transport & glycogen synthase

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11
Q

The breakdown of glycogen

A

Glycogenolysis

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12
Q

Regulation of glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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13
Q

Biosynthesis of glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

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14
Q

The function of gluconneogenesis?

A

Maintenance of blood glucose

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15
Q

Precursors of gluconeogensis?

A

Lactate, glycerol, and amino acids.

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16
Q

Regulations of gluconeogenesis?

A
  1. Pyruvate carboxylase
  2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
  3. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
  4. Glucose 6-phosphatase
17
Q

Normal blood glucose levels?

A

4.5-5.5 molecules/L

18
Q

After a meal blood glucose levels?

A

6.5-7.2 mmol/L

19
Q

Starvation blood glucose levels?

A

3.3-3.9 mmol/L

20
Q

Where does blood glucose come from?

A
  1. Dietary carbohydrates
  2. Liver glycogen
  3. Gluconeogenesis
21
Q

Regulations of blood glucose?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Glucokinase
22
Q

Fate of pyruvate can be what? (3 options)

A
  1. Fatty acid synthesis
  2. Lactate
  3. Citric acid cycle
23
Q

Oxidation of acetyl-CoA resulting in formation of ATP

A

Citric acid cycle

24
Q

True of false: The Citric acid cycle is aerobic.

25
Q

Regulations of the Citric Acid cycle?

A
  1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
26
Q

Steps of the Citric Acid cycle?

A

**Pyruvate dehydrogenase —-> Acetyl CoA
1. Acetyl CoA to citrate
2. Citrate to isocitrate
3. Isocritrate to a-ketoglutarate
4. A-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA
5. Succinyl-CoA to succinate
6. Succinate to Fumarate
7. Fumarate to malate
8. Malate to Oxaloacetate— start over

27
Q

Glycolysis steps?

A

Glucose
Glucose-6- Phosphate
Fructose-6- Phosphate
Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate
DHAP
GLAP
1-3 Biphophoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphenol pyruvate
Pyruvate

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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