Vitamins Flashcards
organic compound that is required in the diet in small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolic integrity
Vitamins
have low catalytic activity in cellular reactions if vitamins are not present ?
Enzymes
Essential for vision, reproduction, growth, and maintenance of epithelial tissues
Vitamin A
Deficiency could be caused by fat malabsorption or impaired liver function
Vitamin A
Act as an antioxidant protecting unsaturated lipids from peroxidation,
Protecting the erythrocyte membrane from oxidative stress
Sources: vegetable oils, nuts, and grains
Vitamin E
Sources: fatty fish, liver, egg yolk and fortified dairy
Essential in maintaining adequate plasma levels of calcium and phosphate
Vitamin D
Chronic kidney disease and hypoparathyroidism caused by ?
Vitamin D deficiency
Deficiency is Associated with loss of appetite, nausea, thirst, and stupor
vitamin D
Which vitamin the Active form is hydroquinone ?
Vitamin K
Sources: cabbage, kale, spinach, egg yolk, and liver. Produced by gut bacteria too
Vitamin K
Antibiotics could lead to deficiency of vitamin?
Vitamin K
Act as a coenzyme in hydroxylation reactions
collagen synthesis
maintenance of normal connective tissue
as well as for wound healing
Act as an antioxidant
Vitamin C
Vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy and seen in sailors historically?
Vitamin c
Sources: meat, dairy, and grains
Act as a coenzyme in
decarboxylation
reactions
Pentose phosphate
pathway
Krebs cycle
Thiamine (B1)
Associated with alcoholism
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
abnormal eye movements (nystagmus), ophthalmoplegia,
ataxia, and cognitive impairment
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
confusion, dementia, and hallucination
Korsakoff psychosis:
Acts as an electron carrier in redox reaction ,
forming FMNH2 FADH2
Citric acid (Krebs) cycle
Electron transport chain
Coenzyme to glutathione reductase
Riboflavin (B2)
Source: unrefined grains, meat (liver), and milk
synthesized in the body by tryptophan
Forms NAD+ and NADP+
Niacin (B3)
Deficiency due to malnutrition causes Pellagra (rough skin)
used as hyperlipidemia treatment - strongly inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
Niacin (B3) nicotinic acid
coenzyme for carboxylases
Fatty acid synthesis
mark of histone modification
regulate gene expression
Biotin (B7)
Symptoms: dermatitis, glossitis, loss of
appetite and nausea.
Biotin (B7)
Source: Eggs, liver, and yeast
component of Coenzyme A
functions in the transfer of
acyl groups
essential in multiple metabolic pathways in
the body
Pantothenic acid (B5)
Used in immunohistochemistry
Biotin ( B7)
