Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Knes 237 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is Vitamin D deficiency associated with?

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What disease is thiamin deficiency associated with? Hint: no nutrients in grains

A

Beri beri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does beri beri cause in people?

A

Lethargy and fatigue; complications affecting cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, and GI systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What disease is associated with niacin deficiency?

A

Pellegra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in patients who suffer from pellegra?

A

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, then death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness?

A

Vitamin A deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is one of the first signs of Vit. A deficiency?

A

Night blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta-Carotene is (a) _________ vitamin A and is found in ________.

A

precursor to; dark green vegetables and deep orange fruits and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retinol is (a) ________ vitamin A and is found in _______.

A

pre-formed; animal products with aft (meat, fish)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What deficiency is a goiter associated with?

A

Iodine (salt) deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is iodine needed for? What happens with a lack of it?

A

Development of thyroid hormone; hypothyroidism, intellectual disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

inability to tolerate cold, weight gain, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What vitamins are water soluble?

A

B vitamins (excluding B12) and vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a water-soluble vitamin mean?

A

takes 1-several days to wash out of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which vitamins are toxic in high doses because of build up in body?

A

Vitamin B6, niacin, and vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 4 ways to minimize nutrient losses?

A

refrigerate fruit/vegetables; reduce contact with air (minimize oxidation); wash fruits/vegetables before cutting; steam or stir-fry vegetables (avoid high temps for long time)

17
Q

What nutrient (natural and synthetic) is found in leafy green vegetables, legumes, liver, lentils, and fortified grain products?

A

Folate and folic acid

18
Q

What is more bio-available between folate and folic acid?

A

Folic acid, as most common food source for folate is enriched or fortified food products

19
Q

What does folate deficiency cause?

A

cancer (from DNA instability), homocysteine accumulating in blood (leads to strokes and heart attacks), fetal neural tube defects

20
Q

How much folate should a woman take at different stages in her life?

A

400 micrograms regularly, 600 micrograms when pregnant, 4 milligrams if there was a previous neural tube defect

21
Q

Which vitamin protects the tissues from oxidative stress and neutralizes free radicals along with vitamin E?

A

Vitamin C

22
Q

What is caused by free radicals produced in response to normal metabolism, UV radiation, air pollution and tobacco smoke?

A

Oxidative stress

23
Q

What role does vitamin C play in the immune system? What happens when there is a lack of it?

A

Helps form collagen, which is the structural protein of connective tissue; hemorrhage or bleeding and bruising

24
Q

How does vitamin C control mood and heart rate?

A

converts tryptophan into serotonin and norepinephrine

25
Q

What role does vitamin C play in metabolism?

A

fatty acid transport into mitochondria

26
Q

Does vitamin C make hormones?

A

Yes (e.g. thyroxine)

27
Q

During stress, which organ contains the most vitamin C? What happens?

A

Adrenal glands; released with stress hormones during stress

28
Q

How much vit. C does the body need to prevent scurvy? To saturate body pool of vit. C? What is the DRI for females vs males?

A

10 mg; 100 mg; 75 mg; 90 mg

29
Q

What does excessive intake of vit. C cause?

A

Nausea, abdominal cramps, excessive gas, and diarrhea

30
Q

Which vitamin aids in bone growth by raising blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus?

A

Vitamin D

31
Q

Which cancers does increased intake of vit. D lower the risk of?

A

Breast, prostate, and colon

32
Q

What are sources of vitamin D besides food?

A

10-15 min, up to 3 hr, of sunlight (UVB) daily on arms and face 2-3x per week

33
Q

What are food sources of vit. D?

A

Fortified dairy foods, margarine, fish oils, and egg yolk

34
Q

What is the DRI for adults intake of vit. D?

A

600 IU; 800 IU for >70 y/o

Knes 237 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions