Phytochemicals and GMO

Question 1

Are phytochemicals essential?

Answer 1

No, they are protective.

Question 2

This mechanism protects our cells from oxidative damage and reduces the risk of developing some cancers.

Answer 2

Antioxidant

Question 3

This mechanism imitate ______. Example: Isoflavones, found in soy, imitates human estrogens and help to reduce menopausal symptoms and osteoperosis.

Answer 3

Hormonal action

Question 4

This mechanism stimulate _______, Example: indoles, which are found in cabbages, make estrogen less effective and could reduce risk for breast cancer.

Answer 4

Stimulation of enzymes

Question 5

This mechanism interfere with ______, thereby preventing multiplication of cancer cells.

Answer 5

DNA replication

Question 6

Anti-bacterial effect is a ______.

Answer 6

Mechanism

Question 7

This mechanism involves phytochemicals binding to cell walls, preventing adhesion of pathogens to human cell walls.

Answer 7

Physical action

Question 8

This type of phytochemical is mainly an ANTIOXIDANT, and exist significantly in beta-carotene and lycopene.

Answer 8

Carotenoids

Question 9

Carrots are abundant source of what type of carotenoid?

Answer 9

Beta-carotene

Question 10

Tomatoes are an abundant source of what type of carotenoid?

Answer 10

Lycopene

Question 11

This type of phytochemical act as antioxidants but also have ANTI-INFLAMMATORY properties by reducing plaque build up and deactivate carcinogens

Answer 11

Flavanoids

Question 12

Flavanoids are found in?

Answer 12

Berries, black/green tea

Question 13

This type of phytochemical are antioxidants but may also ALTER ESTROGEN ACTION to reduce breast cancer risk.

Answer 13

Indoles

Question 14

Bitter, cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, and brussel sprouts, are good sources of which phytochemical?

Answer 14

Indoles

Question 15

This type of phytochemical is an antioxidant but also inhibits CANCER ACTIVATION and PROMOTION

Answer 15

Tannins

Question 16

What is a good source of tannins?

Answer 16

Grapes, red/white wine

Question 17

What is the harmful plant component in green potatos?

Answer 17

Solanine

Question 18

This harmful plant component is found in turnip greens, spinach, rhubarb, and other foods that can bind to CALCIUM

Answer 18

Oxalic acid

Question 19

This harmful plant component is found in whole grains and binds to MINERALS

Answer 19

Phytates

Question 20

This harmful plant component is found in moldy, discoloured, or shriveled nuts. Also exists in dried foods, grains, spices, and cocoa beans.

Answer 20

Aflatoxins

Question 21

This method of food biotechnology helps produce leaner animals, super-sweet corn, and an increase in eggs laid each year.

Answer 21

Selective breeding

Question 22

This method of food biotechnology involves the modification of genetic material of living cells to produce new substances or perform new functions by inserting gene from one organism into another.

Answer 22

Genetic engineering

Question 23

What are five benefits of GMO?

Answer 23

Extended shelf life, efficient food processing, biopharming, improved nutrient composition, and genetically assisted agriculture

Question 24

Main issues of concerns for human health in terms of GMO?

Answer 24

Allergenicity, gene transfer, outcrossing