Vitamins

Question 1

organic compounds required on very small amount and are involved in fundamental functions of body

Answer 1

Vitamins

Question 2

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 2

B complex (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Panthotenic Acid, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Biotin, Folate, Cobalamine)

Question 3

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 3

Vit. A D E K

Question 4

Vitamin a Provitamin forms:

Answer 4

alpha carotene
beta carotene
gamma carotene
beta cryptoxantine

Question 5

vitamin A is important for the synthesis of visual pigments which are?

Answer 5

Iodopsin

Rhodopsin

Question 6

Vitamin A deficiency manifestations

Answer 6

eye lesions
nyctalopia
photophobia
Xeropthalmia
Keratomalacia
Bitot spots

Question 7

infiltration of cornea by lymphocytes which degenerates it reversibly

Answer 7

Keratomalacia

Question 8

kertinization of conjunctiva and development of plaques (vit A deficiency)

Answer 8

Bitot Spots

Question 9

Normal Vitamin A levels

Answer 9

20-60 ug/dL

Question 10

Hyperostosis is a bone defect seen in what Hypervitaminosis?

Answer 10

Vitamin A

Question 11

group of vitamins that serve as coenzymes in many metabolic pathways that are functionally closely related

Answer 11

Vitamin B-complex

Question 12

the activeform of Vit, B1

Answer 12

Thiamine diphosphate

Question 13

B1 (thiamine) acts as cofactor to what 3 enzymes?

Answer 13

Pyruvate DH
Transketolase
alpha keto glutarate

Question 14

Deficiency of B1 manifestations

Answer 14

thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia
Beriberi
Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 15

methods for Vitamin B1 deficiency diagnosis

Answer 15

Erythrocyte transketolase activity

thiamine pyrophosphate effect

Question 16

T/F. Px with Beriberi should be given All other vit B. complex and not just thiamine.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

conezyme parts of vitamin B2

Answer 17

FAD

FMN

Question 18

vitamin b2 deficeincies:

Answer 18

Cheilosis
Glossitis
Keratitis
Conjunctivitis
Lacrimation
Photophobia
corneal vascularization
seborrheic dermatitis

Question 19

pallor at the angles of the mouth and progresses to maceration of epithelium

Answer 19

Cheilosis (Vit B2 deficiency)

Question 20

tongue becomes smooth with loss of papillary structure

Answer 20

Glossitis

Question 21

urine excretion value of Vitamin B2 that is suggestive of deficiency

Answer 21

<30 ug/day

Question 22

Niacin is the vitamin where (2) coenzymes are derived. what are these coenzymes?

Answer 22

NAD

NADP

Question 23

what amino acid can niacin be synthesized from?

Answer 23

tryptophan

Question 24

deficiency of Niacin

Answer 24

Pellagra

Question 25

classic triad of Pellagra

Answer 25

DDD Dementia Dermatitis Diarrhea

Question 26

what is the most characteristic manifestation of Pellagra

Answer 26

Dermatitis

Question 27

compounds formed from Vit B6

Answer 27

Pyridoxal (aldehyde) Pyridoxamine (Amino) Pyridoxine (alcohol)

Question 28

Pyridoxal Phosphate dependent compunds:

Answer 28

``` Serotonin GABA Dopamine Histamine Heme Porphyrins ```

Question 29

a vitamin that functions for Aminotransferases, decarboxylases, racemases and dehydratases

Answer 29

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 30

common inhibitors of Vit b6

Answer 30

``` Isoniazid Penicillamine corticosteroids anticonvulsants OCP's Dialysis ```

Question 31

what happens to glycine metabolism during bitamin b6 deficiency?

Answer 31

leads to oxaluria

Question 32

cofactor vitamin involved in carboxylation reactions

Answer 32

Biotin

Question 33

found in raw egg white that inhibits biotin

Answer 33

Avidin

Question 34

vitamin deficient in Megaloblastic anemia (2)

Answer 34

Folic acid | Cobalamin

Question 35

normal serum folic acid levels

Answer 35

5-20 ng/dL

Question 36

cerebral folate deficiency is a deficiency that commonly affects children at what age?

Answer 36

4-6 mos of age

Question 37

Schilling test is a diagnostic procedure for waht vitamin deficiency?

Answer 37

Vit B12

Question 38

pernicious anemia is seen in what Vitamin deficiency?

Answer 38

Vitamin B12

Question 39

what vitamin is involved in the isomerization of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA

Answer 39

Vitamin B12

Question 40

what is the manifestation of Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 40

Scurvy

Question 41

what sign is is seen in radiographs of leg bones when a Px has Vit C deficiency?

Answer 41

Wimberger Sign (Sclerotic wings)

Question 42

this may occur when treating tuberculosis with isonicotinic acid hydrazide, but is relieved by pyridoxine administration

Answer 42

Peripheral neuropathy