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PEDIATRICS > Pediatric Nutrition & Breast feeding > Flashcards

Pediatric Nutrition & Breast feeding Flashcards

1
Q

the period where growth stunting-impaired linear growth is a major risk

A

between 4 mos to 2 years

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2
Q

amount of the nutrient that results in some predetermined physiologic end-point

A

EAR (Estimated Average Requirement)

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3
Q

the intake deemed necessary to meet the requirement for that nutrient by most healthy members of a population

A

RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance)

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4
Q

Adequacy, Inadequacy and excess of an individual subject’s intake of a specific nutrient can be determined using RDA. T/F

A

False

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5
Q

the observed or approximated daily intake of that nutrient by a group of healthy individuals

A

Adequate Intake

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6
Q

is the highest daily intake of a specific nutrient that is likely to pose no risk

A

Tolerable Upper intake Level (UL)

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7
Q

is the dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy individual of a defined age, sex, weight height and physical activity

A

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

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8
Q

the average time required for children >2yrs old of moderately intense daily activity to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic diseases

A

~60 Minutes

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9
Q

how many calories does Fat provide

A

9 kcal/gram

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10
Q

what is the AI/RDA set for saturated and monounsaturated fat

A

NONE

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11
Q

Fat intake should be absent of?

A

trans fat

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12
Q

immune function and cellular membrane integrity are impaired and may lead to impaired linear growth

A

PEM (Protein Energy Malabsorption)

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13
Q

are amino acids which are essential only at certain life stages

A

Conditional Essential/ Indispensable Amino Acids

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14
Q

serve as energy source for all cells

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

promotes satiety and decreases transit time which can have importance in prevention of cancer

A

Non digestible fiber

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16
Q

What are the micronutrients from DOH food fortification program

A

Fe, Zn, Ca, Na, K, Vit. D

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17
Q

age of infant where Fe and Zn are required from complementary food/fortified food

A

After 4-6 mos of age

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18
Q

Inadequate Water intake leads to?

A

Dehydration
Impaired thermoregulation
Decreased activity tolerance
Dec intravascular fluid

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19
Q

RENI of Macronutrients

A

CHO: 55-70%
Fats: 20-30% (others); 30-40% (infants)
CHON: 10-15%

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20
Q

refers to the state of nutrient intake that is sufficient to maintain health and provide reasonable levels of reserves in the body

A

Nutrient Adequacy

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21
Q

chart used for growth measurements

a) for normal children
b) for sick children

A

a) WHO-CGS

b) CDC

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22
Q

breastfeeding should be initiated __mins after birth

A

60

23
Q

Breastfeeding should be exclusive for the first ___ months

A

6

24
Q

when should complementary feeding be started?

A

after 6 mos

25
Q

Milk supply during 1st day of life

A

<5ml

26
Q

Increase milk production due to lactogenesis is observed when?

A

2nd-4th day of life

27
Q

what is the pattern of milk supply by 6 days of life and onwards?

A

breasts should feel empty after feeding

28
Q

when does a mother feel fullness and leaking milk supply?

A

5th day of life

29
Q

conditions where infants should not receive breastmilk or any other milk except for specialized milk formulas

A

Phenylketonuria (phe free milk)
Classic Galactosemia (Galactose free)
MSUD (val, ile, leu free)

30
Q

conditions where breastmilk remeins the best feeding option

A

low birth weight (<32 weeks)

newborn @ risk for hypoglycemia

31
Q

what maternal condition will warrant a permanent CI of breast feeding?

A

HIV infection

32
Q

Herpes simplex Virus type will warrant what on breast feeding scheme?

A

Temporary avoidance

33
Q

breastfeeding should start ____hr/s after birth

A

1 hour

34
Q

complementary food should start at

A

4-6 months after birth

35
Q

what is the frequency of breastfeeding required for infants?

A

8-12 times/24hours(day and night)

36
Q

Maternal medications that may render a temporary avoidance of breastfeeding

A

Sedating psychotherapeutic drugs
Radioactive iodine (131)
Excessive use of topical iodine/iodophores
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

37
Q

amount of complementary food needed at:

a) 6-8mos
b) 9-11mos
c) 12-23 mos

A

a) 200kcal/day
b) 300kcal/day
c) 550kcal/day

38
Q

food consistency at:

a) 6mos
b) 8mos

A

a) pureed, mashed, semi-solid

b) finger foods

39
Q

meal frequency at:

a) 6-8 mos
b) 9-11 mos
c) 12-24 mos

A

a) 2-3 times/day
b) 3-4 times/day
c) 3-4 times/day

40
Q

defined as food eaten between meals (usually self-fed and easy to prepare)

A

Snacks

41
Q

fruits and vegetables rich in what vitamin should be eaten daily?

A

Vitamin A

42
Q

intake of fluids or solids?
which should be increased in:
a) during illness
b) after illness

A

a) Fluids

b) Solids

43
Q

Types of milk formula

A

Cow’s milk formula
Soy milk formula
Protein hydrosylate formula
Amino Acid formulas

44
Q

True/False.

Fruit juices are encouraged during the1st 6mos of life

A

False.

45
Q

Feeding skills attained @ Birth-4/6 mos

A

nipple feeding
hand on bottle
semiflexed position during feeding

46
Q

Feeding skills attained @ 6-9 mos (transition feeding)

A

upright feeding
spoon feeding
both hands hold bottle
finger feeding

47
Q

Feeding skills attained @ 9-12 mos

A

cup drinking

chewing with rotary jaw action

48
Q

Feeding skills attained @ 12-18 mos

A

spoon grasping w/ whole hand
holds cup with 2 hands
holding and tipping bottle

49
Q

Feeding skills attained @ .18-24 mos

A

self feeding predominates

50
Q

Feeding skills attained @ 24-26 mos

A

total self feeding
drinking with no spilling
chewing with lips closed

51
Q

what is the equation for a good diet

A

Well balanced meal + Positive eating environment = Well nourished child

52
Q

what antibody is found in the breastmilk?

A

IgA

53
Q

milk recommended for infant w/ galactosemia

A

Soy formula milk

54
Q

milk given to infant with cow milk protein allergy

A

hydrolysate formula

PEDIATRICS (4 decks)

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