Vitamin Functions/Enzymes

Question 1

Vitamin A derivatives used to treat what 4 things?

Answer 1

Measles
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (AML M3)
Wrinkles
Acne

Question 2

Thiamine (B1) is co-factor for what type of enzymes?

Answer 2

dehydrogenase enzyme reactions

Question 3

Name the enzymes B1 is a cofactor for

Answer 3

Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
Transketolase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase

Question 4

Riboflavin (B2) is a cofactor for what TCA cycle reaction?

Answer 4

Succinate Dehydrogenase AKA Complex II

Succinate to Fumarate

Question 5

Niacin (B3) is derived from what?

Answer 5

Tryptophan

Question 6

Niacin synthesis requires what other vitamins?

Answer 6

Riboflavin (B2) and Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 7

Pantothenic Acid (B5) is essential for what?

Answer 7

Coenzyme A (acyl transfers) and Fatty Acid Synthase

Question 8

What vitamin is necessary for transamination (ALT, AST) reactions?

Answer 8

Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 9

Pyridoxine is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

Answer 9

Cystathionine Synthase

Homocysteine -> Cysteine

Question 10

Pyridoxine is necessary for synthesis of what neurotransmitter(s)?

Answer 10

Dopa -> Dopamine by Dopa Decarboxylase
lose Dopamine, NE, and Epi
Serotonin from Tryptophan
GABA from Glutamate

Question 11

Pyridoxine is important for what enzyme/reaction in Heme synthesis?

Answer 11

D-ALA synthase

Succinyl CoA and Glycine to D-ALA

Question 12

Pyridoxine is necessary for synthesis of what derivatives from Tryptophan?

Answer 12

Niacin and Serotonin

Question 13

Pyridoxine is necessary for what glycolysis etc enzyme?

Answer 13

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 14

Pyridoxine is used in what type of reactions?

Answer 14

Transamination and Decarboxylation reactions

Question 15

Biotin (B7) is a cofactor for what type of reactions?

Answer 15

Carboxylation Reactions

Question 16

What 3 enzymes is Biotin a cofactor for?

Answer 16

Pyruvate Carboxylase
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Propionyl CoA Carboxylase

Question 17

What reaction type is Folate (B9) a cofactor for?

Answer 17

1-carbon transfer/methylation reactions

Question 18

Folate is absorbed where in small intestine?

Answer 18

Jejunum

Question 19

Cobalamin (B12) is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

Answer 19

Methionine Synthase

Homocysteine -> Methionine

Question 20

B12 is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in FA degradation pathway?

Answer 20

Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase

Methylmalonyl CoA -> Succinyl CoA

Question 21

Riboflavin (B2) is important for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

Answer 21

MTHFR

THF -> THF-CH3

Question 22

B12 is synthesized from what in body?

Answer 22

only by gut microorganisms

Question 23

Vitamin C facilities iron absorption how?

Answer 23

reduces Iron to Fe2+

Question 24

Where does Vit C hydroxylate Proline and Lysine for collagen synthesis?

Answer 24

Rough ER

Question 25

Vit C is cofactor for what enzyme/reaction in neurotransmitter synthesis?

Answer 25

Dopamine B-Hydroxylase | Dopamine -> NE

Question 26

What vitamin is ancillary treatment for methemoglobinemia?

Answer 26

Vit C

Question 27

Vit D2 - Ergocalciferol is ingested from what?

Answer 27

plants

Question 28

Vit D3 - Cholecalciferol is created how?

Answer 28

consumed in milk and formed via sun in stratum basale

Question 29

Vitamin E is important for what?

Answer 29

anti-oxidant | protects RBCs and membranes from free radical damage

Question 30

Vitamin E excess does what to Warfarin?

Answer 30

enhances anti-coagulant effect of Warfarin

Question 31

Vitamin E deficiency neuro symptoms are similar to what two diseases?

Answer 31

Friedrich Ataxia and Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 32

Vitamin K is important for what?

Answer 32

gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

Question 33

Vit K is synthesized by what?

Answer 33

intestinal flora

Question 34

What clotting factors is Vit K necessary for?

Answer 34

II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S

Question 35

Breastfed infants should be given supplementation of what vitamins?

Answer 35

Vit D and Vit K

Question 36

What vitamin is required for Lactate Dehydrogenase?

Answer 36

Niacin B3