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First Aid Biochemistry Chapter > Vitamin Functions/Enzymes > Flashcards

Vitamin Functions/Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A derivatives used to treat what 4 things?

A

Measles
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (AML M3)
Wrinkles
Acne

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2
Q

Thiamine (B1) is co-factor for what type of enzymes?

A

dehydrogenase enzyme reactions

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3
Q

Name the enzymes B1 is a cofactor for

A

Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
Transketolase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase

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4
Q

Riboflavin (B2) is a cofactor for what TCA cycle reaction?

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase AKA Complex II

Succinate to Fumarate

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5
Q

Niacin (B3) is derived from what?

A

Tryptophan

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6
Q

Niacin synthesis requires what other vitamins?

A

Riboflavin (B2) and Pyridoxine (B6)

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7
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) is essential for what?

A

Coenzyme A (acyl transfers) and Fatty Acid Synthase

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8
Q

What vitamin is necessary for transamination (ALT, AST) reactions?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

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9
Q

Pyridoxine is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

A

Cystathionine Synthase

Homocysteine -> Cysteine

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10
Q

Pyridoxine is necessary for synthesis of what neurotransmitter(s)?

A

Dopa -> Dopamine by Dopa Decarboxylase
lose Dopamine, NE, and Epi
Serotonin from Tryptophan
GABA from Glutamate

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11
Q

Pyridoxine is important for what enzyme/reaction in Heme synthesis?

A

D-ALA synthase

Succinyl CoA and Glycine to D-ALA

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12
Q

Pyridoxine is necessary for synthesis of what derivatives from Tryptophan?

A

Niacin and Serotonin

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13
Q

Pyridoxine is necessary for what glycolysis etc enzyme?

A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

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14
Q

Pyridoxine is used in what type of reactions?

A

Transamination and Decarboxylation reactions

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15
Q

Biotin (B7) is a cofactor for what type of reactions?

A

Carboxylation Reactions

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16
Q

What 3 enzymes is Biotin a cofactor for?

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Propionyl CoA Carboxylase

17
Q

What reaction type is Folate (B9) a cofactor for?

A

1-carbon transfer/methylation reactions

18
Q

Folate is absorbed where in small intestine?

A

Jejunum

19
Q

Cobalamin (B12) is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

A

Methionine Synthase

Homocysteine -> Methionine

20
Q

B12 is necessary for what reaction/enzyme in FA degradation pathway?

A

Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase

Methylmalonyl CoA -> Succinyl CoA

21
Q

Riboflavin (B2) is important for what reaction/enzyme in Homocysteine pathway?

A

MTHFR

THF -> THF-CH3

22
Q

B12 is synthesized from what in body?

A

only by gut microorganisms

23
Q

Vitamin C facilities iron absorption how?

A

reduces Iron to Fe2+

24
Q

Where does Vit C hydroxylate Proline and Lysine for collagen synthesis?

A

Rough ER

25
Q

Vit C is cofactor for what enzyme/reaction in neurotransmitter synthesis?

A

Dopamine B-Hydroxylase

Dopamine -> NE

26
Q

What vitamin is ancillary treatment for methemoglobinemia?

A

Vit C

27
Q

Vit D2 - Ergocalciferol is ingested from what?

A

plants

28
Q

Vit D3 - Cholecalciferol is created how?

A

consumed in milk and formed via sun in stratum basale

29
Q

Vitamin E is important for what?

A

anti-oxidant

protects RBCs and membranes from free radical damage

30
Q

Vitamin E excess does what to Warfarin?

A

enhances anti-coagulant effect of Warfarin

31
Q

Vitamin E deficiency neuro symptoms are similar to what two diseases?

A

Friedrich Ataxia and Vitamin B12 deficiency

32
Q

Vitamin K is important for what?

A

gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

33
Q

Vit K is synthesized by what?

A

intestinal flora

34
Q

What clotting factors is Vit K necessary for?

A

II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S

35
Q

Breastfed infants should be given supplementation of what vitamins?

A

Vit D and Vit K

36
Q

What vitamin is required for Lactate Dehydrogenase?

A

Niacin B3

First Aid Biochemistry Chapter (9 decks)

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