Rate-Determining Steps Regulation - Metabolism

Question 1

Glycolysis regulation (2+, 2-)

Answer 1

AMP ⊕, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⊕

ATP ⊝, citrate ⊝

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis regulation (2-)

Answer 2

AMP ⊝, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ⊝

Question 3

TCA cycle regulation (1+, 2-)

Answer 3

ADP⊕

ATP ⊝, NADH ⊝

Question 4

Glycogenesis regulation (3+, 2-)

Answer 4

Glucose-6-phosphate ⊕, insulin ⊕, cortisol ⊕

Epinephrine ⊝, glucagon ⊝

Question 5

Glycogenolysis regulation (3+, 3-)

Answer 5

Epinephrine ⊕, glucagon ⊕, AMP ⊕

Glucose-6-phosphate ⊝, insulin ⊝, ATP ⊝

Question 6

HMP shunt regulation (1+, 1-)

Answer 6

NADP+ ⊕

NADPH ⊝

Question 7

De novo pyrimidine synthesis regulation (2+, 1-)

Answer 7

ATP ⊕, PRPP ⊕

UTP ⊝

Question 8

De novo purine synthesis regulation (3-)

Answer 8

AMP ⊝, inosine monophosphate (IMP) ⊝, GMP ⊝

Question 9

Urea cycle regulation (1+)

Answer 9

N-acetylglutamate ⊕

Question 10

Fatty acid synthesis regulation (2+, 2-)

Answer 10

Insulin ⊕, citrate ⊕

Glucagon ⊝, palmitoyl-CoA ⊝

Question 11

Fatty acid oxidation regulation (1-)

Answer 11

Malonyl-CoA ⊝

Question 12

Cholesterol synthesis regulation (2+, 2-)

Answer 12

Insulin ⊕, thyroxine ⊕

Glucagon ⊝, cholesterol ⊝