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Animal Nutrition Exam 4 > Vitamin D- Antirachitic Factor > Flashcards

Vitamin D- Antirachitic Factor Flashcards

1
Q

year that the term vitamin D was named for the antirachitic factor

A

1925

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2
Q

major role of vitamin D

A

promotion of Ca & P absorption

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3
Q

why is vitamin D thought of as a hormone

A
  1. active form made by an organ (kidneys) but travels to act on other organs (bone intestine)
  2. there are mechanisms for controlling synthesis and secretion of the active form
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4
Q

what is required for normal bone calcification

A

vitamin D

- amount varies with amount of Ca and P, and their ratio

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5
Q

what types of animals require the most vitamin D

A
  1. young and lactating animals
  2. swine and poultry
  3. wide Ca and P levels
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6
Q

2 hormones involved with vitamin D

A

calcitonin, PTH

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7
Q

lowers blood Ca levels and puts Ca back into bone

A

calcitonin

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8
Q

raises blood Ca levels and takes Ca out of bone

A

PTH

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9
Q

the disturbance of Ca & P metabolism; poor calcification of bones
-occurs in young

A

rickets

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10
Q

softening of bones in the chest; bowing of the chest

A

Pigeon-breast

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11
Q

importance of vitamin D to the adult; failure of bone matrix to be mineralized

A

osteomalacia

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12
Q

where does the body store vitamin D

A

mostly in the liver

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13
Q

3 vitamin D deficiencies in chickens

A
  1. thin egg shells
  2. lower hatchability
  3. lower egg production
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14
Q

vitamin D deficiencies in dairy cows

A

parturient paresis (milk fever)

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of parturient paresis

A
  • lack of appetite
  • dull and listless
  • struggling & unable to stand
  • low blood Ca and P
  • coma

found in lactating cows up to 24 hrs after calving ; drains blood Ca into milk

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16
Q

true or false. Vitamin D2 and D3 are both effective for mammals.

A

true

17
Q

vitamin D3 is ___ times more effective than vitamin D2 for chicks

A

30

18
Q

“line test” based on observation of epiphyseal cartilage (in rats) – deplete the animal then feed graded levels of test material being assayed. Observe mineralization along edge of expanded cartilage. Measure degree of healing by comparing standard of vitamin D with test material.

A

curative method

19
Q

% bone ash (chicks) – chicks fed assay material for 21 days. Then kill and measure ash in tibias. Compare a standard with the test.

A

preventative method

20
Q

true or false. there is no active vitamin D in plants

A

true

21
Q

rich sources of vitamin D

A

eggs (yolk), liver, fish oils, fishmeal’s, roughages - legumes, leafy alfalfa

22
Q

some rat poisons have an excess of what vitamin

A

D

23
Q

what practical problems could effect the intake level of vitamin D

A

confinement, winter weather, northern areas, long haircoat, high concentrate rations, aggravated Ca and P ratios, ruminant pre-intestinal destruction

24
Q

vitamin D is sometimes called the____ vitamin

A

sunshine

25
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

26
Q

Vitamin D2 and D3 are both effective for mammals. One is 30 times more effective for chicks. What is it? One is derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol?

A

D3; D3

27
Q

What 2 vitamins are the only 2 that present a practical problem?

A

A and D

28
Q

If a poultry flock is kept indoors in the wintertime because of the cold weather and there is no vitamin supplement in the feed, what vitamin will they be especially deficient in and what will be 2 or the 3 effects on egg production?

A

Vitamin D

  1. decreased egg production
  2. decreased hatchability
  3. thin shells on eggs
29
Q

cholecalciferol is associated with which vitamin

A

vitamin D3

30
Q

what vitamin is associated with ergocalciferol

A

vitamin D2

31
Q

antirachitic factor is the same as ___

A

vitamin D

32
Q

calcitonin and PTH are associated with ____

A

vitamin D

33
Q

true or false. vitamin D is considered a hormone

A

true

34
Q

hydroxylation of vitamin D occurs in what 2 organs

A

liver, kidneys

35
Q

what vitamin is positively affected by UV light via the conversion of its provitamin to its true active vitamin form?

A

vitamin D

36
Q

within fat-soluble vitamins, what would be a vitamin most likely to be a problem if there was a formulation error or mixing error in the feed mill?

A

vitmain A and D
or
choline and vitamin C

Animal Nutrition Exam 4 (5 decks)

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