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Animal Nutrition Exam 4 > Vitamin A > Flashcards

Vitamin A Flashcards

1
Q

formula for Vitamin A

A

C20H30O

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2
Q

active as an alcohol, aldehyde, acetate, palmitate, and an acid

A

Vitamin A

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3
Q

_____ will not fullfill visual purple and reproduction requirements

A

retinoic acid

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4
Q

most popular synthetic form of Vitamin A

A

Vitamin A palmitate

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5
Q

true or false. Vitamin A occurs only in animals

A

true

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6
Q

where is Vitamin A the highest

A

liver

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7
Q

colostrum contains ____ times as much Vitamin A as other milk

A

10

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8
Q

2 things that improve vitamin A absorption

A

bile and fat

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9
Q

7 functions of vitamin A

A
  1. role in visual purple cycle
  2. maintenance of normal epithelium
  3. involved in normal bone formation- slow osteoblast differentiation is deficient
  4. nervous symptoms- due to failure of spinal and some other bones to develop
  5. total blindness (may be due to pinching of optic nerve)
  6. maintenance of normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure
  7. necessary for normal reproduction
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10
Q

a vitamin A defficiency does not allow for enough _____ synthesis and results in night blindness

A

rhodopsin

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11
Q

a compound that breaks down, in the process of sight, as a result of a photochemical process

A

rhodopsin

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12
Q

11 deficiencies of Vitamin A

A
  1. reduced appetite
  2. night blindness
  3. xerophthalmia
  4. runny eyes in cattle & sheep
  5. eyes sticking together in chickens
  6. increased keratinization of epithelium = more infections
    • increased respiratory problems
    • vaginal, reproductive tract problems, etc.
  7. formation of kidney stones
  8. malformation in certain soft tissue (pigs w/o eyes & hydrocephalic rabbits)
  9. liver & kidney damage
  10. diahhrea
  11. testicular degeneration in males (reversible)
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13
Q

7 symptoms of hypervitaminosis A

A
  1. skin thickening
  2. interference with bone development
  3. prolonged prothrombin time
  4. increased in cerebrospinal
  5. lowered plasma cholesterol in chicks
  6. reabsorption of fetus
  7. decreased appetite
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14
Q

what causes skin thickening from hypervitaminosis A

A

suppressed keratinization & mucous secretion

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15
Q

how does hypervitaminosis A interfere with bone development

A

loss of chondroitin sulfate from the matrix

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16
Q

what cures prolonged prothrombin time

A

K (potassium)

17
Q

in what species is carotene not absorbed but converted to vitamin A in intestinal wall

A

“white-fat species” – rats, sheep, goats, pigs

18
Q

what species has carotene in plasma and only converts some carotene from feed into vitamin A

A

“yellow-fat species” –cow, horse

  • carotene in plasma may be stored in liver and fatty tissues
19
Q

main storage area for vitamin A

A

liver

20
Q

what percent of vitamin A is found in the liver

A

70-90%

21
Q

sources of vitamin A

A

vitamin A - fish oils

carotene

22
Q

has the most effect on Vitamin A

A

esterification

23
Q

has the least effect on Vitamin A

A

hydrogenation & heat in the absence of moisture (no effect)

24
Q

generalized vitamin A requirement for mammals

A

20-100 IU/kg BW

poultry is 5x that amount

25
Q

vitamin A is easily destroyed by what 2 factors

A

high temps

certain metals

26
Q

2 vitamins that are the only 2 of an appreciable toxicity concern

A

A & D

27
Q

what percent of vitamin A is lost in the rumen and not absorbed

A

60%

28
Q

what fat-soluble vitamin is very negatively affected by exposure to UV light

A

vit A and its precursors

29
Q

the best source of vitamin A

A

cod liver oil

30
Q

precursors of vit A

A

carotene

31
Q

true or false. vit A is part of rhodopsin

A

true

32
Q

is vit A water or fat soluble

A

fat soluble

33
Q

what are 2 antioxidant vitamins

A

A, C, E

34
Q

conversion of vit A precursor to actual vit A happens where

A

intestinal wall

Animal Nutrition Exam 4 (5 decks)

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