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Animal Nutrition Exam 4 > B-Complex Vitamins > Flashcards

B-Complex Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

6 B-complex deficiencies

A
  1. loss of appetite (anorexia)
  2. poor growth
  3. emaciation
  4. nervous disorders
  5. dermatitis
  6. anemia
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2
Q

B1 deficiency recognized by the chinese in 2600 bc

A

Beriberi

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3
Q

what year was thiamin synthesized

A

1936

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4
Q

thiamin’s principle role

A

part of the coenzyme cocarboxylase

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5
Q

TTP is the coenzyme for how many enzyme systems

A

at least 24

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6
Q

in the absence of ____ decarboxylation reactions don’t occur at normal rate and pyruvuc acid & lactic acid accumulate in blood and tissues

A

thiamin

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7
Q

6 deficiency symptoms of thiamin

A
  1. Beriberi in man
  2. polyneuritis
  3. soft muscles
  4. anorexia/loss of appetite
  5. weight loss
  6. bradycardia - lowered heart rate
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8
Q

characterized by extensive damage to nervous and cardiovascular systems. Accompanied by severe muscle wasting (___ beriberi) or edema (___ berberi).

A

Berberi

  • dry beriberi
  • wet beriberi
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9
Q

represents final stages of thiamin deficiency that is a result of or associated with:

1) accumulation of intermediates of CHO metabolism
2) peripheral nerve degeneration

A

polyneuritis

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10
Q

2 principle factors influencing B1 requirements

A
  1. carb intake

2. calorie intake

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11
Q

true or false. B1 deficiency principally seen with chronic alcoholism

A

true

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12
Q

thiamin is destroyed by what in the presence of moisture

A

heat

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13
Q

thiamin is phosphorylated to TTP in what organ

A

liver

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14
Q

what animal can store a 2 month supply of thiamin in its tissues

A

pig

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15
Q

what allows ruminants to synthesize enough B1 from bacteria

A

a functional rumen

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16
Q

what animal can synthesize B1 in the cecum and large intestine but still needs dietary intake

A

horse

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17
Q

2 antivitamins of B1

A

pyrithiamine and thiaminase

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18
Q

sources of B1 (thiamin)

A 
plants (mainly)
yeast
mold
leaves of grasses
germ of cereal grains
seed coats of grains
pork has 100x more than beef
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19
Q

higher plants, yeast, fungi, and some bacteria make ____

A

B2 (riboflavin)

20
Q

the 2 coenzymes of riboflavin

A
  1. FMN - flavin mononucleotide - 1 phosphate group

2. FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide - 2 phosphate groups

21
Q

plays an essential role in release of food energy and assimilation of nutrients

A

riboflavin

22
Q

6 riboflavin deficiencies

A
  1. decreased growth
  2. alopecia or hair loss in rats
  3. opaque cornea or cataracts in humans
  4. curled tow paralysis in chicks (walk on hocks & toes curled inwards)
  5. low egg production & hatchability
  6. skin & eye symptoms in man
23
Q

roughened skin and furrows around the mouth

A

cheilosis

24
Q

due to over activity of sebaceous or oil glands; results in waxy dermatitis of eyes, ear lobes, and mouth

A

dermatitis

25
Q

increased blood vessels in eye

A

corneal vascularization

26
Q

where is riboflavin phosphorylated

A

intestinal wall

27
Q

sources of riboflavin

A 
higher plants
yeast (richest source) - and milk
fungi
some bacteria 
ruminants 
eggs
liver
kidney
muscle
whey & distillers solubles
28
Q

when pyridoxine was first synthesized

A

1939 - Harris & Folker

29
Q

two forms of pyridoxine discovered what year

A

1945

30
Q

two forms of pyridoxine

A

pyridoxal

pyridoxamine

31
Q

results in substantial loss of pyridoxine

A

sterilization of milk products

32
Q

active forms of pyridoxine

A 
pyridoxal phosphate (more active one)
pyridoxamine phosphate
33
Q

after absorbed the forms of pyridoxine are phosphorylated where

A

liver

34
Q

pyridoxal phosphate serves as coenzyme for enzyme systems concerned with ____ metabolism

A

protein (amino acid metabolism)

35
Q

process that provides for synthesis of non-essential amino acids & important system in animal tissues

A

transamination

36
Q

pyridoxal phosphate serves as coenzyme in what process that decarboxylates several amino acids

A

decarboxylation

37
Q

pyridoxal phosphate involved of synthesis of _____ from the amino acid _____.

A

niacin; tryptophan

38
Q

true or false: pyridoxal phosphate influences intestinal transport and tissue uptake of amino acids.

A

true

39
Q

2 antivitamins of pyridoxine

A

desoxypyridoxine and isoniazid

40
Q

5 pyridoxine (B6) deficiencies

A
  1. growth failure and acrodynia
  2. urinary calcui - cattle
  3. anemia - dogs, pigs, rats
  4. convulsions or epileptic seizures
  5. slow growth and suppressed appetite
41
Q

characterized by dermatitis of tails, ears, mouth, and paws that’s accompanied by edema

A

acrodynia

42
Q

sources of pyridoxine

A 
yeast
liver
muscle meat
milk
cereal grains
43
Q

b-complex are ___ soluble vitamins produced in the cecum and large intestine of the horse.

A

water

44
Q

are B-vitamins dietary essentials for ruminants only? Horses? Cats?

A

ruminants only - No
horses - Yes
cats - Yes

45
Q

What vitamin is known to have a higher requirement in high protein diets because of its involvement in protein metabolism?

A

B6

46
Q

There is essentially no storage of the B-complex vitamins; therefore, a daily intake is essential. The pig is an exception, however, with regard to one of the B-vitamins in that a two month supply is stored in the tissues. What is this vitamin?

A

thiamin

Animal Nutrition Exam 4 (5 decks)

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