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NUTR 302 (Test #3) > Vitamin B6/B9/B12 > Flashcards

Vitamin B6/B9/B12 Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin B9 is also known as?

A

Folate

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2
Q

How many forms of B9 are there operating in the body?

A

150 forms

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3
Q

What is the most active coenzyme form of B9:

A

(THF) Tetrahydrofolate

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4
Q

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) is active in most (fortified) foods as what coenzyme form?

A

Polyglutamate

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5
Q

What food sources are most associated with vitamin B9 (folate)?

A

Green Vegetables

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6
Q

What are some common sources of vitamin B9 (folate)?

A

Green Vegetables
Citrus Fruits (esp. strawberries & oranges)
Yeast
Mushrooms
Legumes
Liver
Fortified Foods

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7
Q

Vitamin B9 (folate) is easily destroyed due to?

A

Processing (b/c of structure)

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8
Q

In order for folate to be present as polyglutamate, it must be hydrolyzed by what prior to absorption?

A

Conjugase

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9
Q

The enzyme conjugase is inhibited by?

A

low zinc status, alcohol, and food inhibitors

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10
Q

Vitamin B9 (folate) functions in single carbon transfers in what to physiological processes?

A

Nucleic Acid Synthesis & Amino Acid Metabolism

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11
Q

Folate is a carbon donor in _____ synthesis?

A

Purine Synthesis

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12
Q

Folate is essential for _______ division?

A

Cell Division

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13
Q

In amino acid metabolism, _______ is converted to methionine glycine, and then converted to serine.

A

Homosysteine

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14
Q

Homocysteine is associated with what disease state?

A

CV disease

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15
Q

__________ Anemia is associated with Folate deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia (big RBC’s)

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16
Q

Megaloblastic Anemia occurs due to decreased ______ synthesis and _______ cell division along with continued RNA production.

A

Decreased DNA Synthesis
Improper Cell Division

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17
Q

Symptoms of Megaloblastic Anemia (or all types of anemia’s) would include?

A

Pale
Fatigue
Concentrating
Headache
Dyspnea

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18
Q

In pregnancy, birth defects are highly correlated with ________ deficiency?

A

Folate

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19
Q

Populations at risk for folate deficiency include?

A

Pregnancy
Elderly
Alcoholism
Phenytoin User (anticonvulsant)

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20
Q

Supplementation of folate can mask vitamin _____ deficiency, but still allow for neurological damage to occur from being deficient.

A

B12

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21
Q

Megadoses of folate can induce _______ in what population?

A

Seizures in epileptics

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22
Q

What is the upper limit of Folate?

A

1 mg/day from supplements & fortified foods.

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23
Q

Why is vitamin B12 imperative for Vitamin B9 (folate) interactions?

A

Methyl-Folate Trap: B12’s is needed to remove methyl group from N5 methyl THF.

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24
Q

Folate may decrease _____ absorption?

A

Zinc

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25
_______ deficiency may decrease folate absorption?
Zinc
26
What is a general assessment for Vitamin B9 (folate)?
Plasma, Serum, or RBC folate levels
27
What is are specific assessments for Vitamin B9 (folate)?
Deoxyuridine Suppression Test Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations
28
Vitamin B12 is also known as?
Cobalamin "Cobalt"
29
Vitamin B12 (Cobalt) is found primarily in what food sources?
Animal Products are the main sources
30
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) is made by ________ in the digestive tract of animals.
Microbes
31
Vitamin B12 (cobalt)'s primary absorption is mediated by?
Intrinsic Factor (IF = glycoprotein synthesized @ stomach)
32
When traveling from the stomach to the small intestine, vitamin B12 (cobalt) must combine with ______ to complete this transport process.
R Protein
33
When far enough through the digestive tract (but before the Ileum), Vitamin B12 releases it's transport R Protein to combine with what?
Intrinsic Factor
34
Vitamin B12 + IF is absorbed where in the digestive tract?
Ileum
34
Vitamin B12 + IF is absorbed where in the digestive tract?
Ileum
35
Vitamin B12 is released from IF once the complex reaches where in the digestive tract?
Enterocyte
36
What is the secondary method for vitamin B12 absorption?
Diffusion (primarily utilized in large doses: B12 shots)
37
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) functions to convert homocysteine to _______, through the transfer of a _______ group.
Homocysteine > (methyl group) > Methionine
38
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) functions in KREBS by by converting methylmalonyl CoA into?
Succinyl CoA
39
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) additionally functions in ________, possibly through the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucelotides.
Nucleic Acid Synthesis
39
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) additionally functions in ________, possibly through the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucelotides.
Nucleic Acid Synthesis
40
Vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly associated with?
Megaloblastic Anemia
41
What are some symptoms commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia?
Large immature RBC's, neuropathy, increased MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
42
Vitamin B12 (cobalt) deficiency is most commonly associated with _______ conditions in populations, resulting in decreased IF production rather than dietary deficiency.
Genetic Conditions
43
Populations at risk for vitamin B12 (cobalt) deficiency are?
Elderly, Disease/Surgery to Ileum, Alcoholics, Vegans Stomach Surgery Recipients
44
What is are some assessments for Vitamin B12 (cobalt) deficiency?
Serum B12 ("schilling test") or Plasma Homocysteine
45
What does the schilling assessment look/test for?
Tests B12 Absorption & Presence of IF
46
Vitamin B6 is also known as?
Pyridoxine
47
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) has coenzyme forms?
PL PM PN PLP PMP PNP
48
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is stable when _______, but can be negatively affected in _______?
Stable when cooking Long-Term Storage can effect B6
49
What are some food sources of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Liver, Nuts, Bananas, Legumes, Meat, Whole Grains, Salmon, Sirloin Steak, White Meat Chicken
50
Where does all Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) metabolism occur?
Liver
51
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) functions most importantly in _______ metabolism?
Amino Acid Metabolism
52
Functions of Amino Acid Metabolism that Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is responsible for include?
Transamination Decarboxylation Transulfhydration Desulfhydration Clevage
53
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is also important in the function of _______ formation, and ______ synthesis.
Heme Formation Niacin Synthesis
54
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) functions in energy synthesis through _______ & _______?
Lineoleate (Fatty Acid Synthesis) Glycogenolysis (Glycogen Phosphorylase)
55
Low levels of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) have been associated with which diseases & conditions?
Coronary Heart Disease Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
56
Symptoms of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) can be showcased as?
Lethargy in Adult Seizures in Infants Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia Depression
57
What are some populations at risk for Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency?
Breastfed Infants of Mothers w/ Deficiency Elderly Alcoholics Oral Contraceptive Users
58
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) toxicity limits are?
Upper Limit: 100 mg/day
59
Patients with neuropathy are advised to not exceed an RDA of ______ for vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
13 mg/day
60
What are assessments for vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?
Plasma PLP Transaminase Activities Tryptophan Load

NUTR 302 (Test #3) (7 decks)

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