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Nutrition > Vitamin A Assessment > Flashcards

Vitamin A Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical indicator of vitamin A status?

A

Xerophthalmia

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2
Q

Which serum retinol level indicates subclinical vitamin A deficiency according to WHO?

A

<0.70 μmol/L

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3
Q

What prevalence of night blindness in children ≤5 years indicates a public health problem?

A

1%

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4
Q

What is the prevalence cut-off for Bitot’s spots indicating a public health problem?

A

0.5%

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5
Q

What level of plasma vitamin A indicates a severe public health problem?

A

≤20 μg/dL (≤0.7 μmol/L)

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6
Q

What does an increase of >20% in serum RBP after a specific vitamin A dose indicate?

A

Positive Relative Dose Response (RDR) test

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7
Q

What is assessed in conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) for vitamin A deficiency?

A

Decrease in mucin-containing goblet cells and enlarged epithelial cells

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8
Q

Which physiological indicator assesses impaired dark adaptation?

A

Night blindness

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9
Q

What tool is used to measure dark adaptation in vitamin A deficiency?

A

Dark adaptometer

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10
Q

What is the prophylactic vitamin A dose for children <11 months in populations with ≥1% night blindness prevalence?

A

100,000 IU

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11
Q

How often should children aged 12 months to 5 years receive vitamin A supplementation in high-risk populations?

A

Every 6 months

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12
Q

What prevalence of serum retinol <0.7 μmol/L indicates a severe public health problem?

A

≥20%

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13
Q

What is a key short-term strategy for preventing vitamin A deficiency in infants?

A

Promotion of breastfeeding

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14
Q

Which dietary strategy is emphasized for preventing vitamin A deficiency?

A

Dietary diversification

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15
Q

What long-term strategy involves improving access to vitamin A-rich foods?

A

Dietary diversification and home gardening

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16
Q

What is the recommended vitamin A prophylactic dose for children aged 12 months to 5 years?

A

200,000 IU

17
Q

What test measures vision restoration time (VRT) in vitamin A deficiency?

A

Functional/physiological test

18
Q

What does the pupillary threshold test assess in vitamin A deficiency?

A

Pupillary reaction under low illumination

19
Q

Which WHO strategy helps detect VAD prevalence in populations?

A

Nutritional surveys

20
Q

Which WHO strategy helps detect VAD prevalence in populations?

A

By reducing infection rates that exacerbate VAD

21
Q

What population group should receive dietary education for vitamin A-rich food intake?

A

Pregnant and lactating women

22
Q

What prevalence of corneal xerosis, ulceration, or keratomalacia indicates a public health problem?

A

0.01%

23
Q

What prevalence of corneal scarring indicates a public health issue?

A

0.05%

24
Q

What is the threshold for no public health problem for subclinical VAD?

A

<2% prevalence

25
Q

What is an indicator of a mild public health problem for subclinical VAD?

A

2-9% prevalence

26
Q

Which functional test is used to measure the ability of the eye to recognize a letter under low illumination?

A

Vision restoration time (VRT)

27
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Relative Dose Response (RDR) test?

A

To assess liver stores of vitamin A

28
Q

Which physiological indicator evaluates the reaction of pupils in low illumination?

A

Pupillary threshold test

29
Q

What is the prevalence cut-off for moderate public health problems for subclinical VAD?

A

10-19%

30
Q

What short-term strategy improves early diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Training health personnel

31
Q

What is the role of sanitation in preventing vitamin A deficiency?

A

Reducing infections that exacerbate VAD

32
Q

What is a long-term strategy to ensure sustainable access to vitamin A-rich foods?

A

Developing effective national food and nutrition policies

33
Q

Which dietary practice is encouraged to combat VAD in rice-dependent communities?

A

Dietary diversification

34
Q

What histological method is used to assess vitamin A deficiency?

A

Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC)

35
Q

Which cells decrease in conjunctival impression cytology in vitamin A deficiency?

A

Mucin-containing goblet cells

36
Q

What prevalence of serum retinol <0.7 μmol/L indicates no public health problem?

A

<2%

37
Q

What prevalence of serum retinol <0.7 μmol/L indicates a mild public health problem?

A

2–9%

38
Q

Short term strategies for Vitamin A deficiency

A
  1. Promotion of breast feeding
  2. For bottle fed baby, use of fortified formulas
  3. Dietary Education (diversification): Increase intake of vitamin A food sources by at risk populations (pregnant & lactating females) and to include vitamin. A rich sources in weaning food.
    4.Immunization, improve sanitation, food hygiene, combat against infections.
  4. Increase awareness of health personnel for early diagnosis for early diagnosis, proper treatment.
    6.Doing nutritional survey to find the prevalence of this problem ( planning & evaluation)
    7.Vitamin A supplementation
39
Q

Long Term Strategies for VAD

A
  1. Food based strategies
  2. Develop effective and sustainable national food and nutrition plans and policies
  3. Fortification of staple foods
  4. Dietary diversification and improvement: ensuring regular access to foods that are naturally rich in
    vitamin A
  5. Promotion breast feeding
  6. Growing fruits and vegetables in home gardens
  7. Promotion of intake of vitamin a-rich diets and increase accessibility to these food
  8. Greater awareness on nutrition

Nutrition (6 decks)

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