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Nutrition > Iodine Deficiency > Flashcards

Iodine Deficiency Flashcards

1
Q

Where is most of the iodine in the body stored?

A

Thyroid gland

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2
Q

What is the primary route of iodine excretion from the body?

A

Urine

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3
Q

Which food source is richest in iodine?

A

Seafood and saltwater fish

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4
Q

What is the recommended daily iodine intake for pregnant and lactating women?

A

250 μg/day

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5
Q

What is the minimum iodine requirement to replace thyroid hormone turnover?

A

50 μg/day

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable intellectual impairment worldwide?

A

Iodine deficiency

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7
Q

What condition is caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy leading to mental retardation and deaf mutism?

A

Nervous cretinism

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8
Q

Which clinical condition is associated with iodine deficiency during late fetal and postnatal life?

A

Myxoedematous cretinism

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9
Q

What prevalence of goiter among school-aged children indicates severe iodine deficiency?

A

≥30%

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10
Q

What is the urinary iodine level that indicates severe iodine deficiency?

A

<20 μg/L

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11
Q

What is the most effective method for preventing iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?

A

Universal salt iodization

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12
Q

What method is used for short-term iodine supplementation in areas without iodized salt access?

A

Administration of iodized oil

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13
Q

Which method is a non-invasive way to measure thyroid size for IDD assessment?

A

Ultrasonography

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14
Q

What is the median urinary iodine concentration indicating adequate iodine nutrition?

A

100–199 μg/L

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15
Q

What dietary measure can reduce the impact of goitrogens in food?

A

Cooking the food

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16
Q

What substance in cabbage, turnips, and cassava can block iodine absorption?

A

Goitrogens

17
Q

Which laboratory test is a valuable indicator of iodine deficiency in neonates?

A

Elevated TSH levels (≥20 mIU/L)

18
Q

What is the prevalence cutoff for goiter in school-aged children that indicates no public health problem?

A

0–4.9%

19
Q

How long does a single injection of iodized oil protect against iodine deficiency?

A

2–4 years

20
Q

What measure involves the addition of iodine to water supply in remote areas?

A

Iodization of water supply

21
Q

What percentage of the body’s iodine is stored in the thyroid gland?

A

75%

22
Q

Which glands, apart from the thyroid, store smaller amounts of iodine in the body?

A

Salivary, mammary, gastric glands, and kidneys

23
Q

What is the iodine content range in saltwater fish per 100 grams of meat?

A

30–300 μg

24
Q

What is the iodine content range in freshwater fish per 100 grams of meat?

A

20–40 μg

25
Q

What is the recommended iodine intake for preschool children aged 0–59 months?

A

90 μg/day

26
Q

At what iodine intake does endemic goiter commonly develop?

A

Less than 50 μg/day

27
Q

What is the WHO classification for a goiter that is visible with the head tilted back?

A

Grade 1B

28
Q

What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating moderate iodine deficiency?

A

20–49 μg/L

29
Q

Which thyroid hormone-related blood marker is particularly useful in neonatal iodine deficiency screening?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

30
Q

Which iodine deficiency disorder is characterized by dwarfism, myxedema, and mental retardation but no spasticity or deaf mutism?

A

Myxoedematous cretinism

31
Q

What is the minimum amount of iodine required daily to replace thyroid hormone turnover?

A

50 μg/day

32
Q

Which food sources naturally contain goitrogens that block iodine utilization?

A

Cabbage, turnips, peanuts, soybeans, and cassava

33
Q

What is the prevalence of Total Goiter Rate (TGR) in school-age children indicating a severe iodine deficiency problem?

A

≥30%

34
Q

Which method of assessing thyroid size provides more precise measurements compared to palpation?

A

Ultrasonography

35
Q

What is the concentration cut-off value of neonatal TSH levels indicating iodine deficiency?

A

≥20 mIU/L

36
Q

How long does a single intramuscular injection of iodized oil provide protection against iodine deficiency?

A

2–4 years

37
Q

What is the most effective method for the virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?

A

Universal salt iodization

38
Q

What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating excessive iodine intake that may pose health risks?

A

≥300 μg/L

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