Iodine Deficiency Flashcards
Where is most of the iodine in the body stored?
Thyroid gland
What is the primary route of iodine excretion from the body?
Urine
Which food source is richest in iodine?
Seafood and saltwater fish
What is the recommended daily iodine intake for pregnant and lactating women?
250 μg/day
What is the minimum iodine requirement to replace thyroid hormone turnover?
50 μg/day
What is the leading cause of preventable intellectual impairment worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
What condition is caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy leading to mental retardation and deaf mutism?
Nervous cretinism
Which clinical condition is associated with iodine deficiency during late fetal and postnatal life?
Myxoedematous cretinism
What prevalence of goiter among school-aged children indicates severe iodine deficiency?
≥30%
What is the urinary iodine level that indicates severe iodine deficiency?
<20 μg/L
What is the most effective method for preventing iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?
Universal salt iodization
What method is used for short-term iodine supplementation in areas without iodized salt access?
Administration of iodized oil
Which method is a non-invasive way to measure thyroid size for IDD assessment?
Ultrasonography
What is the median urinary iodine concentration indicating adequate iodine nutrition?
100–199 μg/L
What dietary measure can reduce the impact of goitrogens in food?
Cooking the food
What substance in cabbage, turnips, and cassava can block iodine absorption?
Goitrogens
Which laboratory test is a valuable indicator of iodine deficiency in neonates?
Elevated TSH levels (≥20 mIU/L)
What is the prevalence cutoff for goiter in school-aged children that indicates no public health problem?
0–4.9%
How long does a single injection of iodized oil protect against iodine deficiency?
2–4 years
What measure involves the addition of iodine to water supply in remote areas?
Iodization of water supply
What percentage of the body’s iodine is stored in the thyroid gland?
75%
Which glands, apart from the thyroid, store smaller amounts of iodine in the body?
Salivary, mammary, gastric glands, and kidneys
What is the iodine content range in saltwater fish per 100 grams of meat?
30–300 μg
What is the iodine content range in freshwater fish per 100 grams of meat?
20–40 μg
What is the recommended iodine intake for preschool children aged 0–59 months?
90 μg/day
At what iodine intake does endemic goiter commonly develop?
Less than 50 μg/day
What is the WHO classification for a goiter that is visible with the head tilted back?
Grade 1B
What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating moderate iodine deficiency?
20–49 μg/L
Which thyroid hormone-related blood marker is particularly useful in neonatal iodine deficiency screening?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Which iodine deficiency disorder is characterized by dwarfism, myxedema, and mental retardation but no spasticity or deaf mutism?
Myxoedematous cretinism
What is the minimum amount of iodine required daily to replace thyroid hormone turnover?
50 μg/day
Which food sources naturally contain goitrogens that block iodine utilization?
Cabbage, turnips, peanuts, soybeans, and cassava
What is the prevalence of Total Goiter Rate (TGR) in school-age children indicating a severe iodine deficiency problem?
≥30%
Which method of assessing thyroid size provides more precise measurements compared to palpation?
Ultrasonography
What is the concentration cut-off value of neonatal TSH levels indicating iodine deficiency?
≥20 mIU/L
How long does a single intramuscular injection of iodized oil provide protection against iodine deficiency?
2–4 years
What is the most effective method for the virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?
Universal salt iodization
What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating excessive iodine intake that may pose health risks?
≥300 μg/L
