Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition - Kailey - Exam 1 > Vitamin A > Flashcards

Vitamin A Flashcards

1
Q

Which Vitamins are Fat Soluble

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the body?

A

by Passive Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are Fat Soluble vitamins transported in the body

A

in lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of vitamin is significantly lost during cooking? Fat soluble or water soluble?

A

Water Soluble is lost during cooking, Fat soluble is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of vitamins are able to be stored? Fat Soluble or Water Soluble?

A

Fat soluble are stored, water soluble are not (Very little)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the precursor to bile?

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of bile

A

Emulsifies fats (breaks large fatty droplets down into smaller ones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is Bile stored?

A

in the Gall Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what stimulates release of bile from the gall bladder?

A

CCK (cholecystokinin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the entry from the gal bladder to the small intestine called that bile travels through

A

Spinchter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you know something is a bile acid?

A

it contains the word cholate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is responsible for vision

A

Retinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is responsible for Reproduction and Growth

A

Retinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is responsible for Cell Differentiation

A

Retinoic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Preformed Vit A

A

Vitamin A that came from an Animal Source

- Retinol Esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Proformed Vitamin A

A

Vitamin A that came from a Plant source

- Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F we only use carotenoids (Proformed Vit A) when we don’t get enough Preformed

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In Food, Retinol Esters (Preformed) are bound to a fatty acid and a protein and carotenoids (Proformed) are bound to a fatty acid. When we digest them the protein and then fatty acid must be removed. What removes the fatty acid? What removes he Protein?

A

Proteases remove the Protein

Lipases remove the fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

after the protein and the fatty acid have been removed from retinol esters and carotenoids the free retinol and carotenoids are incorporated into ______?

A

Micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How and where is Vitamin A Absorbed into the body

A

By passive diffusion in the Duodenum and Jejunum

21
Q

What are the steps of Vit A Absorption

A

1) Free Retinol, fatty acids and Carotenoids are absorbed in a micelle into an enterocyte of the SI
2) Once in the enterocyte retinol is bound to CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein)
3) the fatty acids are reesterified (reattached) to retinol by LRAT (lecithin retinol acyltransferase) reforming a Retinol ester
4) Retinol esters and carotenoids are packed into chylomicrons and sent into the lymph

22
Q

If are Retinol intake is low what happens during absorption to carotenoids?

A

1) carotenoids will be turned into 2 retinals which are………… A) Either reduced to retinol and packed into chylomicrons
OR
B) Oxidized to retinoic acid and sent to the liver bound to albumin

23
Q

If retinol intake is adequate what happens during absorption to carotenoids?

A

carotenoids are incorporated into chylomicrons

24
Q

where is vitamin A stored. In what form is it stored?

A

50-80% in the liver as Retinol Ester

25
Q

patients with low _______ cannot metabolize retinol out of the liver

A

Protein

26
Q

how does vitamin A circulate in the blood

A

bound to thyroxine

27
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is important for vision?

A

Retinal

28
Q

How do we get Rhodopsin?

A

Retinol –> Retol + Opsin = Rhodopsin

29
Q

What is Rhodopsin important for

A

vision in dim light, highly concentrated in rods of retina

30
Q

How can a deficiency in Vitamin A effect vision

A

Decreased Vit A = Decreased Rhodopsin = Nigh Blindness

31
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is important for Cellular Differentiation (immature cell transformed into a specific mature cell type)

A

Retinoic Acid

32
Q

What is an example of a cell type that is affected by Vitamin A to differentiate?

A

Keratinocytes under the influence of Vit A will differentiate into Mature Epidermal Cells
(Keratinizing cells will turn into mucus secreting cells in the eye, mouth, lungs, kidneys and reproductive tract)

33
Q

How will a Vitamin A deficiency effect cell differentiation? What effect will this have on the body?

A

A decrease in Vitamin A will cause less keratinizing cell to differentiate into mucus producing cells (Result is less mucus producing cells in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts) = Hyperkeratinization

34
Q

Which type of Vitamin A is important for Reproduction and Growth

A

Retinoic Acid

35
Q

How does retinoic Acid effect gene expression?

A
  • Retinoic acid inteacts with DNA in the nucleus stimulating production of enzymes and growth factors
36
Q

T or F retinoic Acid functions in Reproduction, Immune System, growth and Gene Expression

A

T

37
Q

What is the function o Carotenoids

A

An Antioxidant

38
Q

How many grams of fat are required for digestion of fat soluble vitamins

A

5-10g

39
Q

what is the RDA for Vitamin A

A 
Men = 900RAE
Women = 700 RAE
40
Q

What are some good sources of Vit A

A

Preformed - liver, fish, dairy, eggs

Proformed - Carrots, Sweet Potato, Cantelope, Tomatoes

41
Q

What is the name for Vitamin A Deficiency? What is the primary cause? secondary cause?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

  • inadequate Intake of Vitamin A (Primary)
  • Fatty Malabsorption (Secondary)
42
Q

what are some symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency

A 
Night Blindness
Xeropthalmia ( dry eye from inadequate mucus production)
Bitots Spots
Permanent Blindness
Impaired Reproduction
Skin Problems
Depressed Immune System
43
Q

Who is at risk for Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Children in Developing Countries

Patients with Fatty Malabsorption

44
Q

Steatorrhea (excessive fat in stools) is a symptom of Vitamin A deficiency? T or F

A

T

45
Q

What is Vitamin A Toxicity Called?

A

Hypervitaminosis A

46
Q

What is the difference between Chronic and Acute Hypervitaminosis A

A

Acute - single dose of >200,000 RAE = nausea, vomiting, headache, double vision and dizziness

Chronic - Dry lips, dry itchy skin, alopecia, bone fractures, liver damage

47
Q

can Vit A toxicity cause birth defects in pregnant women? (Teratogenic)

A

Yes

48
Q

are the carotenoid form of vitamin a toxic?

A

no tolerable upper limit set

- can cause yellow/orange skin

Nutrition - Kailey - Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions