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PE midterm > Vitals > Flashcards

Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

What types of reactions can a latex allergy form?

A

Contact dermatitis or systemic reactions

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2
Q

What are the components of the physical exam?

A

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

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3
Q

What are the components of inspection?

A

observation, lighting, exposure of body parts (general health, body habitus, posture, affect, motor activity, gait, dress/grooming, personal hygeine, odor of body/breath, facial expression, skin color/state, level of awareness)

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4
Q

What is the best type of lighting in the PE?

A

Tangential

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5
Q

Should you exam someone through their clothes? What’s this called?

A

NO - peek-a-boo exams

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6
Q

How is palpation properly done?

A

Using the palmar surface of fingers and finger pads in a rolling or rocking motion

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7
Q

When do you use the back of your hands for palpation?

A

To assess temperature

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8
Q

What is normal temperature in F and C?

A

98.6/37

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9
Q

How is tactile fremitus assessed?

A

Using the ulnar aspect of your hands

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10
Q

What are the 5 sounds you hear with percussion?

A

Tympany, hyperresonance, resonance, dullness, flatness

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11
Q

What is tympany and where would you hear it?

A

sounds like a drum, over an empty stomach

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12
Q

When would you expect to hear resonance/hyperresonance?

A

in the lungs due to air pressure

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13
Q

When would you hear flat sounds?

A

palpation over fluids or solids

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14
Q

When would you hear dull sounds?

A

palpation over a visceral organ, solids, constipation

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15
Q

What joint is percussed over during direct percussion?

A

DIP

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16
Q

What are you listening for in auscultation?

A

intensity, pitch, duration, quality

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17
Q

What is the diaphragm of the stethoscope used for?

A

listening to high-pitched sounds (S1/S2)

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18
Q

What is the bell of the stethoscope used for?

A

listening to low-pitched sounds (S3/S4 gallop or murmur)

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19
Q

What should be avoided 30 minutes before vital signs are collected?

A

EtOH, caffeine, tobacco, exercise

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20
Q

What 3 components are checked with pulse?

A

Location, character, rhythm

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21
Q

What are the locations to gather pulse?

A

radial, brachial, carotid

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22
Q

What characters are associated with pulse?

A

Bounding, normal, weak

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23
Q

What rhythms are associated with pulse?

A

regular, regularly irregular, irregularly irregular

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24
Q

What is the normal pulse?

A

60-100

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25
Q

What does lack of symmetrical BP indicate?

A

pathology/stenosis

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26
Q

What happens to BP if the cuff is too small/big?

A

Big: lower BP, Small: high BP

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27
Q

What do you do if you get someones pulse for 15 seconds and it is irregular?

A

Do it for a full minute

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28
Q

What is the auscultatory gap?

A

period at which Kortkoff sounds indicating true systolic pressure fade away and reappear at a lower pressure point

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29
Q

What can the auscultatory gap result in if you don’t avoid it?

A

low systolic BP

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30
Q

How do you avoid the auscultatory gap?

A

pump cuff up until no radial pulse is present (this is the systolic palpable pressure) then pump the cuff 30 mm Hg above this

31
Q

What vital signs are postural?

A

BP and pulse

32
Q

What are BP and pulse used to assess?

A

volume status and autonomic function

33
Q

During orthostatic BP, if the patient has autonomic dsfunction and they are standing, what will HR and BP be like?

A

Both low

34
Q

If a normal person stands up and you take their BP and pulse, what would it be like?

A

high HR, low BP

35
Q

What is a positive orthostatic vital sign?

A

increase in the pulse over 10 bpm (means its autonomic) and a 20/10 (either) difference in BP from sitting to standing

36
Q

What is considered normal BP?

A

<120/80

37
Q

What is considered preHTN?

A

120-139/80-89

38
Q

What is considered stage 1 HTN?

A

140-159/90-99

39
Q

What is considered stage 2 HTN?

A

>160/100

40
Q

What is considered HOTN?

A

SBP < 90

41
Q

What can be assumed if a patient has a radial pulse?

A

SBP is at least 80

42
Q

What is considered relative HOTN?

A

Patient with normally elevated BP the a lower reading (110/70)

43
Q

Define tachpnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing

44
Q

Define hyperpnea

A

rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation)

45
Q

Define bradypnea

A

slow breathing

46
Q

Define apnea

A

no breathing

47
Q

Define Cheyne-Stokes

A

Apnea alternation with hyperpnea

48
Q

What can cause Cheyne-stokes?

A

CHF, drugs, uremia, brain damage

49
Q

Define ataxic - biots

A

unpredictably irregular breathing associated with respiratory depression or brain damage

50
Q

Where can you measure temperature with a glass or digital thermometer?

A

oral, rectal, axillary

51
Q

Where can you measure T with “temp strips”

A

cutaneous (forehead)

52
Q

What is normal axillary T?

A

97.6

53
Q

What is normal rectal T?

A

99.4

54
Q

What is normal aural T?

A

99.6

55
Q

Which T is most/least accurate?

A

Rectal/axillary

56
Q

What is the normal number of respirations per minute?

A

14-20

57
Q

What is considered a fever? (C and F)

A

38/100.5

58
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

weight

59
Q

How many cm are per inch?

A

2.54

60
Q

What is the 1, 5 and 10 year avg SBP?

A

80, 90, 97

61
Q

NAD

A

No apparent distress

62
Q

What should O2 saturation be above?

A

95

63
Q

What toxin can cause falsely appear as normal O2 saturation?

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

64
Q

What should a fetus HR be at 8 mos gestation?

A

160

65
Q

5 reasons for good documentation?

A

communication/continuity, legal, quality assurance, billing, compliance

66
Q

Is it OK to document beliefs/health goals, assessment of cognitive status in the HPI?

A

yes

67
Q

When is it OK to document normal or WNL?

A

Never in PE! For labs and SOAP notes if available in chart elsewhere

68
Q

Where are sOAP notes used?

A

F/u, progress notes, observation units

69
Q

Where does PE go in SOAP notes?

A

“O”

70
Q

When do new order sets need to be written?

A

when a pt is being transferred to a different level of care

71
Q

What should discharge orders include?

A

f/u care instructions and all things necessary to care for the pt, never PRN

72
Q

What tense is used when writing write-ups?

A

present

73
Q

What words are prohibited in PE?

A

NORMAL (and use intact sparingly)

PE midterm (10 decks)

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