Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PE midterm > Lung > Flashcards

Lung Flashcards

1
Q

what is the margin between the sternum and manubrium called?

A

sternomanubrial angle/angle of louis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the space called that is formed by the ribs under the sternum?

A

costal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

false ribs

A

8 through 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

floating ribs

A

11 through 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the intercostal spaces named after?

A

the ribs above them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do ribs articulate with on the posteiror surface?

A

facets on the transverse processes and vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are nerves and vessels for ribs located?

A

they run along the underside of each rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the angle of louis located?

A

where the 2nd rib attaches to the sternum, associated with T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which rib marks the end of the scapula?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What landmark marks the bifurcation of the primary bronchus?

A

the angle of louis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the 3 imaginary lines on the chest provide marks for?

A

midlcavicular lines and midsternal lines, sternomanubrial angle, suprasternal notch, costal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the 3 imaginary lines under the arm provide marks for?

A

from anterior to posterior: anterior axillary line, midaxillary line, posterior axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the 3 imaginary lines on the back provide marks for?

A

scapula lines, midspinal line, C7 spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what locations are associated with the anterior lines?

A

infra-mammary, nipple line, costal margin, supra-clavicular, epigastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what locations are associated with the posterior lines?

A

peri-scapular, infra-scapular, supra-scapular, inter-scapular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the apex of the lung located in relation to the clavicle?

A

extends 2-4cm above the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is the horizontal fissure?

A

located between the RUL and RML, at the level of the 4th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the location of the lungs on the right lateral view?

A

from the peak of the axilla to the 7th or 8th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the lobs of the left lung?

A

LUL, LLL, left lingular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the lower border of the lungs on posterior view?

A

T10 spinous process, descends to T12 with inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes up most auscultation on posterior exam of the lungs?

A

the lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the right bronchus

A

shorter and wider than the left main bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does mucoid sputum look like?

A

transluscent - due to viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does purulent sputum look like?

A

yellow/green - due to bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can you differentiate blood from the GI tract from hempptysis?

A

blood from the GI tract is darker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How much hemoptysis is OK?

A

1 tsp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What causes clubbing?

A

respiratory or heart disease, MCC CF, bronchiectasis, lung CA, pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Can COPD cause clubbing?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

describe the barrel chest

A

increased A/P diameter, caused by aging or COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is pectus excavatum

A

congenital cause, funnel chest, can compress mediastinal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pigeon chest

A

pectus carinatum, traumatic flail chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Kyphosis

A

dorsal curvature of thoracic spine, painful, restrictive, older women, T spine is prone to compressione Fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kyphoscoliosis

A

spinal convexity to the right with pt bending forward, ribs close together on the left and spread apart on the right

34
Q

most missed place for melanoma

A

the back

35
Q

where do supernumerary nipples appear?

A

aong embryonic milk line

36
Q

what accessory muscles can be used to breath?

A

abdominal, SCM, trapezius, scalenes

37
Q

What are retractions?

A

when the intercostal muscles are sucked inward on inspiration, possibly due to an airway obstruction, look in interspaces and supraclavicular fossa - very ominous in kids

38
Q

Pink puffer

A

emphysema - need more nutrition, pursed lip breathing

39
Q

Blue bloater

A

chronic bronchitis

40
Q

Normal breahting rates

A

14-20/min

41
Q

bradypnea

A

<12/min

42
Q

Tachypnea

A

>20/min, normal depth

43
Q

Hyperpnea

A

hyperventillation, >20/min, deep

44
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

gradually increasing depth with period of apnea

45
Q

what is respiratory excursion?

A

chest wall expansion

46
Q

what can cause asymmetric respiratory excursion?

A

pain, splinting, paralysis, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion

47
Q

what could cause decreased or absent tactile fremitus?

A

voice is too soft, COPD, thick chest wall, pneumothorax, obstruction (air, fluid, tumor)

48
Q

where is percussion heard best on lung exam?

A

over interspaces, over the DIPJ of one finger

49
Q

What is normal lung sounds?

A

resonance

50
Q

What does hyperresonance of the lung mean?

A

hyperinflation (tympany)

51
Q

What does dullness of the lung mean on palpation?

A

bone, fluid, solid organ

52
Q

normal sound of percussion over the diaphragm?

A

dull

53
Q

what is normal diaphragm excursion?

A

5-6cm

54
Q

what does a high excursion number of the diaphragm mean?

A

pleural effusion, elevated diaphragm, atelectasis, phrenic nerve paralysis

55
Q

what part of the stethoscope is used on lung auscultation?

A

diaphragm

56
Q

how should pts breath on lung exam?

A

with their mouths open

57
Q

how many areas are auscultated on A/P/L exam of the lungs?

A

A/P: 4 paired, L: 2 paired

58
Q

what are normal lung sounds?

A

vesicular, inspiratory sounds are longer than expiratory sounds, soft intensity, low pitch

59
Q

Bronch-vesicular lung sounds

A

inspiratory/expiratory rate is about the same, intermediate intesnsity, intermediate pitch, heard over 1st and 2nd interspaces anteriorly and between scapulae posteriorly

60
Q

bronchial lung sounds

A

expiratorys ounds slightly longer than inspiratory, loud, high pitch (tubular), heard over manubrium if at all

61
Q

tracheal lung sounds

A

inspiration and expiration are about equal, very loud, high pitch (tubular), heard over trachea in neck

62
Q

what should be suspected if you hear bronchial or bronchovesicular sounds are ehard in locations distant from expected sites?

A

air filled lung has been replaced by fluid-filled or solid lung tissue

63
Q

What can cause decreased intensity of normal lung sounds

A

obesity, thick chest wall, shallow breaths, pathology

64
Q

crackles

A

rales. Brief, discontinuous sounds, most often at end of inspiration

65
Q

what do fine-late crackles indicate?

A

lung disease

66
Q

What do clear crackles with a cough indicate?

A

inspiratory secretions

67
Q

Rhonchi

A

snoring or gurgling quality, indicate secretions in large airways

68
Q

wheezes

A

musical sounds created when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are narrowed significantly, hear in expiration and sometimes on inspiration

69
Q

Stridor

A

wheeze heard primarily during inspiration and mainly over larger airways, can be a sign of airway obstructino

70
Q

examples of airway obstruction

A

foreign body, croup, epiglottitis

71
Q

Pleural rub

A

related to inflammation of pleural surfaces, coarse, grating sound timed with lung movement, evidence of inflammation, pleurasy

72
Q

when are transmitted voice sounds louder?

A

consolidation (pneumonia)

73
Q

When are transmitted voice sounds softer?

A

when fluid or air pushes lung away from the chest wall

74
Q

when can bronchophony be present?

A

over lung areas where the alveoli are filled with fluid or replaced by solid tissue (pneumonia, atelectasis or tumors)

75
Q

differential for for crackles

A

pneumonia

76
Q

differential for rhonchi

A

CHF

77
Q

Ddx for dullness/asymmetric excursion

A

tumor

78
Q

Ddx tender ICS

A

pleuritis + rub

79
Q

Ddx retractions

A

respiratory distress

80
Q

Ddx for left supraclavicular adenopathy

A

pancoast tumor

PE midterm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions