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PE midterm > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Antecubital

A

The region of the arm in front of the elbow

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2
Q

Apnea

A

Suspension of breathing

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3
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

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4
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Apnea alternating with hyperpnea, caused by brain lesion

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5
Q

Dwarf

A

An abnormally small person (less than 4feet 10 inches or 58 inches) with unequal body proportions

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6
Q

Dysphonia

A

An impairment in the ability to produce sounds

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7
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Rapid, deep breathing (hyperventillation)

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8
Q

Hypothermia

A

Body temperature drops below 35C or 95F

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9
Q

palpitations

A

Awareness of one’s own heartbeat

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10
Q

pulsus alternans

A

Alternation of strong and weak beats

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11
Q

pulsus bisferiens

A

Pulse characterized by 2 strong systolic beats separated by a midsystolic dip - often seen in aortic stenosis

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12
Q

pyrexia

A

Feverish

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13
Q

systole

A

Contraction of the heart

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14
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing

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15
Q

aphasia

A

Lose ability to communicate

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16
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat (below 60bpm)

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17
Q

cachetic

A

general ill health with emaciation

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18
Q

diastolic

A

Heart relaxation

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19
Q

dysarthria

A

Motor speech disorder characterized by poor articulation of the lips, palate and tongue

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20
Q

edema

A

swelling

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21
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid, deep breathing (hyperpnea)

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22
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

Low BP when standing after sitting or laying down

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23
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic BP

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24
Q

pulsus bigeminus

A

Groups of 2 heart beats followed by a pause

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25
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

abnormally large decrease in systolic BP and pulse during inhalation

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26
Q

rigors

A

a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in T, often with sweating

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27
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart beat

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28
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Facial paralysis due to dysfunction to CN VII

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29
Q

Calor

A

heat

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30
Q

Dolor

A

pain

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31
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland causing increased activity of the metabolism

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32
Q

macrocephaly

A

large head size

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33
Q

myxedema

A

severe hypothyroidism

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34
Q

tic

A

a person makes one or many brief, repeated, difficult to control movements or noises

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35
Q

vertex

A

the top of the head, crown

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36
Q

bruit

A

sound or murmur heard in auscultation

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37
Q

crepitus

A

discharge of flatus from the bowels

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38
Q

goiter

A

any visible enlargement of the thyroid gland

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39
Q

hypothyroidism

A

underactivity of the thyroid gland

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40
Q

microcephaly

A

small head size

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41
Q

rubor

A

redness

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42
Q

torticollis

A

Stiff neck

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43
Q

zygomatic arch

A

Cheek bone

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44
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to control the range of movement in musclar acts

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45
Q

Scotoma

A

seeing spots in the eyes

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46
Q

Calvarium

A

scalp

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47
Q

Prognathism

A

large, protruding jaw

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48
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

canker sores, benign and non contagious

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49
Q

caries

A

progressive destruction of any kind of bone structure - teeth

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50
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

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51
Q

eustachian tubes

A

tube that links nasopharynx to the middle ear

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52
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gum tissue

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53
Q

interdental papillae

A

part of the gingiva apical to tooth contact areas that prevent food impaction

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54
Q

leukoplakia

A

white or grey patches inside the mouth

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55
Q

lingual papillae

A

hairlike structures on the dorsum of the tongue

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56
Q

nares

A

nostrils

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57
Q

pinnae

A

visible part of the ear residing outside the head

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58
Q

rhinorrhea

A

nasal drainage

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59
Q

stomatitis

A

any inflammatory process of the mouth

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60
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing of the ears

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61
Q

vermilion border

A

normally sharp demarcation between the lip and the adjacent normal skin

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62
Q

buccal

A

of or relating to the mouth

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63
Q

cerumen

A

yellow, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal

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64
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleeds

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65
Q

Fordyce spots

A

visible sebaceous glands on the lips found in most individuals

66
Q

glossitis

A

soreness of the tongue

67
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

prodromic viral enanthem of measels manifesting two days before the measels rash itself

68
Q

lingual frenulum

A

small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue

69
Q

malocclusion

A

misallignment of the teeth to the two dental arches (over/underbite)

70
Q

naris

A

one nostril

71
Q

Stenson’s ducts

A

The parotid duct that opens behind the molars

72
Q

thrush

A

yeast caused by candida fungus

73
Q

turbinates

A

nasal concha

74
Q

Wharton’s ducts

A

the duct from the submaxillary gland

75
Q

plexus

A

cervical plexus - 2 branches from here supply the ear

76
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

sudden loss of vision in one eye due to plaque in an artery of the eye

77
Q

anisocoria

A

unequal size of the eye’s pupils

78
Q

choroid

A

vascular layer of the eye containing connective tissue between the retina and sclera

79
Q

diploplia

A

double vision

80
Q

fovea

A

central part of the macula, central, sharp vision

81
Q

hyperopia

A

farsighted

82
Q

miosis

A

constriction of the pupil

83
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted

84
Q

papilledema

A

optic disc swelling due to increased ICP

85
Q

presbyopia

A

occurs as you age, the loss of the ability of the eye to focus

86
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the eye

87
Q

sclera

A

the white of the eye

88
Q

strabismus

A

inability of the eyes to line up

90
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy eye

91
Q

aqueous humor

A

clear fluid circulating between the cornea and the lens containing low-protein concentrations

92
Q

diopter

A

unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens

93
Q

drusen

A

tiny white or yellow accumulations of exctracellular material that build up between bruch’s membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium

94
Q

glaucoma

A

a group of conditions resulting in optic nerve damage usually cause by high intraocular pressure

95
Q

lacrimal punctum

A

opening through which fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculum

96
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

97
Q

nicking

A

vein is compressed by an AV crossing in the eye, sign of HTN or other vascular diseases

98
Q

photophobia

A

light intolerance

99
Q

pterygium

A

benign growth of the conjunctiva

100
Q

retina

A

light sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye

101
Q

scotoma

A

area of depressed vision in the visual field

102
Q

visual fields

A

spatial array of visual sensations available to observation

103
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by periods of apnea, caused by brain lesion

104
Q

Bronchophony

A

abnormal transmission of sound from the lungs or bronchi

105
Q

costal

A

the rib

106
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

107
Q

empyema

A

collection of pus in an anatomical cavity; AKA pyothorax or purulent pleuritis

108
Q

fremitus

A

palpable vibration on the body

109
Q

kussmaul respirations

A

deep, labored breathing associated with DKA, faster than tacypnea

110
Q

orthopnea

A

SOB when lying flat

111
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal collection of air or gas in the pleural space

112
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi

113
Q

consolidation

A

area of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with a solid structure

114
Q

costochondral

A

cartilage associated with ribs

115
Q

emphysema

A

type of COPD involving damage to alveoli - pink puffer

116
Q

fibrosis

A

scarring of the lungs

117
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

118
Q

manubrium

A

the top of the sternum

119
Q

pleura

A

the area around the lungs

120
Q

sternal angle

A

the angle made by the ribs attaching to the sternum near the diaphragm

121
Q

afterload

A

tension or stress developed in the wall of the LV during ejection

122
Q

aneurysm

A

localized, blood-filled balloon like buldge

123
Q

AV node

A

atriventricular node

124
Q

Claudication

A

limping, discomfort walking

125
Q

Dextrocardia

A

the heart is situated on the right side of the body

126
Q

gangrene

A

a mass of tissue that undergoes necrosis

127
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing at night

128
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

used to diagnose pericarditis, an extra heart sound of to and fro character

129
Q

preload

A

end volumetric pressure that stretches the RV or LV of the heart

130
Q

sphygomomanometer

A

used to measure BP

131
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat

132
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

occurs when a blood clot causes swelling in one or more of your veins

133
Q

allen test

A

patient’s hand is elevated and made into a fist for 30 seconds, apply pressure over the ulnar and radial arteries, open hand, release ulnar pressure

134
Q

aterial insufficiency

A

any condition that slows or stops the floow of blood through your arteries

135
Q

brawny edema

A

typical of chronic venous insufficiency, characterized by thickening induration

136
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of any vessel

137
Q

embolism

A

lodging of an embolus which may be a blood clot, fat, or an air bubble

138
Q

homan’s sign

A

pain in calf on dorsiflexion

139
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling in the arms or legs due to blockage of the lymph system

140
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

when a neonates ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

141
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein usually in the legs

142
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure

143
Q

thrill

A

abnormal fine tremor or vibration in the respiratory or circulatory systems felt on palpation

144
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel

145
Q

venous hum

A

continuous blowing, singing, or humming murmur heard on auscultation over the right jugular vein

146
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

147
Q

borborygmi

A

rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid or gas in the intestines

148
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus

149
Q

flatus

A

gassy

150
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

151
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

152
Q

McBurney’s point

A

the area of your appendix, right side of the abdomen that is 1/3 the distance from the superior iliac spine to the naval

153
Q

peristalsis

A

movement of food through intestines

154
Q

striae

A

grooves in the intestines that allow stretching to accommodate components

155
Q

ballottement

A

palpatory technique for detecting or examining an organ not near the body’s surface - push against the uterud and detect the presence of a fetus

156
Q

colic

A

persistent, unexplained crying in a healthy baby between 2wks and 5months of age

157
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

158
Q

guarding

A

spasm of muscles that minimize the motion or agitation of sites that are affected by injury or disease

159
Q

hematochezia

A

blood in the stool

160
Q

lipoma

A

benign, soft encapsulated tumor of adipose tissue composed of mature fat cells

161
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stool

162
Q

scaphoid

A

hollowed out chest

163
Q

viscus

A

any large, interior organ of the 3 body cavities, especially those in the abdomen

PE midterm (10 decks)

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