Vital Signs - Week 2

Question 1

Name 5 different types of blood vessels

Answer 1

Arteries
veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
Venules

Question 2

Order blood vessels when blood leaves the heart

Answer 2

Leaves heart
1- arteries
2- arterioles
3- capillaries
4- venules
5- veins
Back to the heart

Question 3

Arteries carry blood…

Answer 3

Away from the heart

Question 4

Veins carry blood…

Answer 4

Back to the heart

Question 5

What happens at the capillaries?

Answer 5

Gas exchange occurs.
O2 out of blood into tissues.
CO2 out of tissues into the blood

Question 6

Gas exchange is what circulation?

Answer 6

Systemic circulation

Question 7

Pulmonary circulation follows what process

Answer 7

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood to lungs and (in the capillaries) gas exchange
Blood gives off CO2 for us to breath out and takes on O2

Question 8

Blue or red artery shows what circulations?

Answer 8

Red - systemic circulation
Blue - pulmonary circulation

Question 9

Arterioles are what?

Answer 9

Small arteries that occur after constant branching of arteries

Question 10

What carries blood into the capillaries?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

Venus system - what is the the first step of this system?

Answer 11

Venules

Question 12

How does the blood get from the venules to the heart? 

Answer 12

The venules converge over and over again and create larger veins which carry blood back to the heart

Question 13

All blood vessels (apart from capillaries) have 3 layers, what are they called?

Answer 13

Tunica externa, media, intima

Question 14

Describe the tunica intima

Answer 14

Tissue that is thin and smooth. Continuous with the endocardium of the heart.

Question 15

What is the tube opening in a blood vessel called?

Answer 15

Lumen

Question 16

What is it called when the muscles in the blood vessels constrict and the lumen gets smaller? 

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction

Question 17

When the muscle relaxed and the lumen diameter gets bigger, what’s it call?

Answer 17

Vasodilation

Question 18

What happens if you increase sympathetic activation of the smooth muscle?

Answer 18

It will cause more constriction and the lumen diameter will get smaller

Question 19

What type of arteries are closest to the heart??

Answer 19

Elastic arteries

Question 20

How do we have a constant flow of blood??

Answer 20

The elastic arteries retract keeping a continuous pressure on the blood and causing a continuous supply

Question 21

What is past the elastic arteries?

Answer 21

Muscular arteries

Question 22

Which blood vessel walls are thinner or ticker at the same distance from the heart?

Answer 22

Arteries have far thicker walls in comparison to the veins.
Because of the veins thin walls they’re more likely to collapse

Question 23

The veins have a larger lumen in the arteries, which means what for blood pressure?

Answer 23

The blood pressure in the veins will be less than the blood pressure in the arteries

Question 24

Define blood flow

Answer 24

Volume of blood that moves through a specific area over a certain unit of time (usually minutes)

Question 25

Cardiac output = ?

Answer 25

Blood flow

Question 26

Define blood pressure

Answer 26

The exerted pressure per unit of surface area against the inner wall of a blood vessel

Question 27

What is blood pressure measured in?

Answer 27

Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)

Question 28

What phase of the heart beating creates blood pressure?

Answer 28

Ventricular systole

Question 29

Define resistance

Answer 29

Anything that opposes blood flow or makes it more difficult to flow

Question 30

Where is vascular resistance usually found and what is it also known as?

Answer 30

In the peripherals. Known as peripheral resistance as the resistant is usually away from the heart

Question 31

What can cause resistance to blood flow?

Answer 31

- Blood Vessel diameter (Vado constriction or dilation) - Blood viscosity - length of the blood vessels

Question 32

What is it called when blood flows from high pressure to low pressure?

Answer 32

Pressure gradient

Question 33

When do we generate systolic pressure in the systemic circulation

Answer 33

When the ventricle contracts - highest pressure achieved in the arteries

Question 34

When do we generate diastolic pressure?

Answer 34

When the ventricles are relaxed. At the end of ventricular diastole

Question 35

What happens between the systolic reading and the diastolic reading?

Answer 35

Elastic arteries contract and bring the vessel lumen back to normal

Question 36

What is Mean pressure?

Answer 36

Average pressure between diastolic and systolic pressures

Question 37

Where does the biggest drop in BP occur?

Answer 37

Arterioles

Question 38

Why is the biggest drop in BP in the Arterioles?

Answer 38

Don’t want the break the thin walls of the capillaries. The Arterioles dissipate pressure to help protect the capillaries

Question 39

If the pressure gets so low as the end of the cycle how does the blood get back to the heart?

Answer 39

The veins have Venus valves. It’s a non return (one way) valve

Question 40

How does blood move up the veins/the end of the venous system?

Answer 40

Skeletal muscle contracts to help move the blood up the vein and the venous valves close to stop it from returning back down