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CCSB > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

4 Primary Vital Signs

A
  1. Body Temperature (BT)
  2. Pulse (HR)
  3. Breathing Rate (BR)
  4. Blood Pressure (BP)
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2
Q

Normal Body Temp

A

37.0

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3
Q

Most common spot to take pulse

A

Radial Artery

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4
Q

Pulse taken at the elbow

A

Brachial Artery

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5
Q

Pulse taken at the neck

A

Carotid Artery

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6
Q

Pulse taken behind the knee

A

Popliteal artery

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7
Q

Pulse taken in the foot dorsalis pedis

A

Posterior tibial arteries

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8
Q

Newborns heart rate

A

130-150 BPM

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9
Q

Toddlers heart rate

A

100-120 BPM

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10
Q

Older child’s heart rate

A

60-100 BPM

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11
Q

Adolescents heart rate

A

80-100 BPM

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12
Q

Adults heart rate

A

50-80 BPM

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13
Q

Define Respiratory Rate

A

Breaths per minute

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14
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults

A

In an adult is about 12-20 breaths per minute

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15
Q

Respiratory Rate for Children

A

15-30

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16
Q

Respiratory Rate for Infants

A

25-50

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17
Q

Respiratory Rate for Neonates

A

40-60

18
Q

Define Systolic Pressure

A

maximum during one heart beat. it occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting

19
Q

Define Diastolic Pressure

A

minimum between two heart beats. this occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood

20
Q

What is Blood Pressure measured in

A

mmHG (millimeters of mercury)

21
Q

How is blood pressure measured

A

using a mercury manometer it is a non-invasive measurement

22
Q

what influences blood pressure

A

cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and arterial stiffness

23
Q

What regulates blood pressure

A

baroreceptors - they act on the brain to influence nervous and endocrine systems

24
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

25
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

26
Q

how is arterial pressure measured

A

sphygmomanometer (it uses the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure.

27
Q

Normal Blood pressure for a resting healthy adult human

A

120 mmHG (systolic) / 80 mmHG (diastolic)

28
Q

what affects BP

A

stress, nutritional factors, drugs, disease, exercise, and momentarily from standing up

29
Q

Prehypertension BP

A

120-139 / 80-89

30
Q

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension Stage 1)

A

140-159 / 90-99

31
Q

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension Stage 2)

A

160 + / 100+

32
Q

Hypertensive Crisis BP (Emergency care needed)

A

180+ / 110+

33
Q

Non-Invasive BP Measurements

A

ausculatory and oscillometric. they are simpler and quicker. they also require less expertise. no complications, less unpleasant and less painful. Maybe lower accuracy and small systematic differences.

34
Q

Invasive BP Measurements

A

arterial blood pressure measured through an arterial line. with an intravascular cannulae by placing a cannula needle in an artery. it is connected to an electronic pressure transducer. monitors beat to beat and waveform (pressure against time).

35
Q

5 Karotkoff Sounds of BP

A

Phase I - TAPPING faint, repetitive, clear tapping sound. increases in intensity for at least 2 beats is the systolic BP
Phase II - SOFT SWISHING a brief period may follow during which the sounds soften and acquire a swishing quality
Phase III - CRISP the return of sharper sounds, crisper or even exceed the sounds of phase I
Phase IV - BLOWING distinct abrupt muffling of sounds, become soft and blowing in quality
Phase V - SILENCE sounds disappear and it is the diastolic pressure

36
Q

Which Karotkoff sounds have no clinical significance

A

the second and third

37
Q

what is it called if the sound disappears together for a short time between phase II and III of Karotkoff sounds?

A

Auscultatory Gap

38
Q

7 tips to get BP Reading

A
  1. put the cuff on a bare arm - clothes adds 10-40 mm Hg
  2. dont have a conversation - talking adds 10-15 mm Hg
  3. Empty Bladder - full bladder adds 10 - 15 mm Hg
  4. Support Back - unsupported adds 5 - 10 mm Hg
  5. Legs Uncrossed - Crossed legs add 2 - 8 mm Hg
  6. Support Feet - Unsupported feet add 5 - 10 mm Hg
    Support arm at heart level - unsupported arm adds 10 mm Hg
39
Q

How does the auscultatory BP method work

A

uses a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer. inflatable cuff around upper arm, attached to a mercury or aneroid manometer.

40
Q

what happens if a BP cuff does not fit right

A

Too small?? high BP

Too big?? low BP

CCSB (6 decks)

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