Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CCSB > Quiz 2 - Surface Anatomy Spine and Limbs > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Surface Anatomy Spine and Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

what can be palpated in the clavicle

A

the subcutaneous border of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what nerves can be rolled against the bone in the clavicle

A

the supraclavicular nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the triangular bones of the shoulder

A

the glenoid fossa, acromion process and the coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 functions of the clavicle

A
  1. transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  2. acts as a strut holding the arm free from the trunk (to hang supported primarily by trapezius)
  3. to provide attachment for muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three bony landmarks at the elbow

A

the olecranon process, the medial epicondyles and the lateral epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what fracture allows the bony landmarks at the elbow remain in triangular shape

A

the supracondyle fracture - because it lies above these points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when an elbow becomes dislocated

A

the olecranon comes more or less in line with the epicondyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can you palpate at the palm of the hand and where

A

you can palpate the pisiform at the base of the hypothenar eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you feel the hook of the hamate

A

by deep palpation just distal to the pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can you feel the scaphoid (base of what)

A

it is felt at the base of the thenar eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where else is the scaphoid

A

in the anatomical snuff-box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens if the scaphoid bone is fractured

A

there is characteristic tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what part of the scapula can be both seen and felt?

A

the medial border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is abduction of the arm accomplished

A

abduction at the shoulder joint and depression at the sternoclavicular joint and rotation of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what parts of arm abduction are readily confirmed on self-palpation

A

depression of the sternoclavicular joint and rotation of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when the shoulder is abducted where can you feel the head of the humerus

A

in the axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when can the head of the radius be felt

A

during pronation and supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the ulna crossed by

A

nothing!! which means it can be exposed surgically from end to end without danger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can be felt at the wrist

A

styloid processes of the radius and ulna can be felt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is palpable on the radius

A

the dorsal tubercle of Lister is palpable on the posterior aspect of the distal end of the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in a thin subject, what can be seen as buldges when the wrist is extended

A

the pisiform and tubercle of the scaphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is the pronator teres inserted

A

midway along the radial shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens if the radius is fractured proximal to the pronator teres and how do you fix it

A

the proximal fragment is supinated by the action of the biceps and the distal fragment is pronated by the pronator teres. it must be splinted with the forearm supinated so that the distal fragment is aligned with the supinated proximal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens is the fracture is distal to the midshaft

A

the actions of biceps and the pronator muscles more or less balance and the fracture is therefore immobilized with the forearm in neutral position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does a force of a fall on the hand produce in children

A

may cause a posterior displacement of the distal radial epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does a force of a fall on the hand produce in a young adult

A

the shafts of the radius and ulna may fracture, or the scaphoid may fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does a force of a fall on the hand produce in the elderly

A

a Colles’ fracture. the radius fractures about 1 in (2.5cm) proximal to the wrist joint. the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly and usually becomes impacted. the shortening which results brings the styloid processes of the radius and ulna more or less in line with eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is subcutaneous bursa located and what happens when exposed to repeated traume

A

the subcutaneous bursa is over the olecranon and becomes inflamed when exposed to repeated trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

who often has olecranon bursitis and what is it called

A

students and cole miners therefor they call it students elbow or miners elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is a perilunate dislocation of the carpus

A

a fall on the hand may dislocate the rest of the carpal arch backwards from the lunate which is wide-based anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is dislocation of the lunate

A

when the dislocated carpus reduces spontaneously. pushes the lunate forward and tilts it over so that its distal articular surface faces forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how does blood supply of the scaphoid work in 1/3 of the cases

A

they enter distally along its waist so that if the fracture is proximal, the blood supply to this small proximal fragment may be completely cut off with resultant aseptic necrosis of this portion of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what happens in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

the flexor retinaculum forms the roof of a tunnel the floor and walls which are made up of the concavity of the carpus. in this tunnel are the long flexor tendons of the fingers and thumb together with the median nerve. any lesion here may cause compression of the median nerve resulting in paraesthesiae. usually results in no sensory impairment to the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is paraesthesiae?

A

numbness and motor weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how are carpal tunnel syndromes relieved

A

by dividing the retinaculum longitudinally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the name of the tendons of the short muscles of the shoulder

A

rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and the subscapularis

38
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles originate from

A

the scapula

39
Q

greatest importance of the rotator cuff muscles

A

the supraspinatus.

40
Q

largest bursa of the body

A

the subdeltoid bursa

41
Q

how is the subdelotid bursa formed

A

from the subacrominal bursa, it is continued beneath the deltoid

42
Q

what muscle initiates the abduction of the humerus on the scapula

A

the supraspinatus

43
Q

what happens if the supraspinatus is injured

A

initiation of abduction becomes impossible and the patient has to develop the trick movement of tilting his body towards the injured side so that gravity passively swings the arm from his trunk

44
Q

what comes into play when the supraspinatus is injured

A

the deltoid and scapular rotators come into play

45
Q

most commonly dislocated major joint

A

the shoulder

46
Q

how does shoulder dislocation occur

A

violent abduction. the humeral head may slip away from the glenoid to lie in the subglenoid region, whence it usually passes anteriorly into a subcoracoid position

47
Q

what nerve can be torn in a shoulder dislocation

A

axillary nerve

48
Q

how do you reduce anterior shoulder dislocations using the davos technique

A

The davos technique. the patientes control the forcefulness of the procedure, thereby minimizing their pain, anxiety and muscle spasms without analgesia

49
Q

how is the greater trochanter best palpated

A

with the hip abducted so that the overlying hip abductors are relaxed

50
Q

what covers the ischial tuberosity when you stand

A

the gluteus maximus

51
Q

what do you sit on when you are sitting

A

the muscle slips away so that the weight is taken directly on the bone

52
Q

prominent landmark on the knee?

A

the patella

53
Q

what is palpable on the legs?

A

the condyles of the femur and tibia, the head of the fibula, and the joint line of the knee

54
Q

can the calcaneus be palpated

A

yes

55
Q

what can you feel if you carefully palpate the calcaneus

A

the peroneal tubercle

56
Q

what is weavers bottom

A

a bursae over the ischial tuberosity that may enlarge with too much sitting

57
Q

what is housemaids knee / beat knee

A

when the patella is affected by prolonged kneeling forwards (scrubbing floors)

58
Q

Clergyman’s knee or infrapatellar

A

the bursa over the ligamentum patellae is involved by years of kneeling in a more erect position (i.e. praying)

59
Q

what is a common fracture site in elderly

A

the upper end of the femur

60
Q

femur fractures

A
  • neck beneath the head: subcapital
  • midpoint: cervical
  • adjacent to the trochanters: basal
  • fracture line may pass between along or just below the trochanters
61
Q

does apertrochanteric damage the retinacular blood supply

A

no it doesnt therefor aspetic bone necrosis does not occur

62
Q

does asubcapital fracture cut of the retinacular blood supply

A

yes it cuts off most supply to the head and aspetic bone necrosis is common

63
Q

what kind of fractures do children get in the femoral neck

A

greenstick fractures

64
Q

what are fractures of the femoral shaft accompanied by

A

considerable shortening due to the longitudinal contraction of the extremely strong surrounding muscles

65
Q

why does the patella split and shatter but not avulsed

A

because the quadriceps expansion remain intact

66
Q

upper end of the tibial shaft is a common site for

A

acute osteomyelitis

67
Q

most common site of fracture in the leg and the most common site of a compound injury

A

the tibia

68
Q

three functions of the fibula

A

origin for muscles, a part of the ankle joint and a pulley for the tendons of peroneus longus and brevis

69
Q

how is the ankle formed

A

it is a mortice formed by the malleoli and lower end of the tibia and the body of the talus

70
Q

what is the most frequent ligament affected in an ankle abduction or adduction

A

the lateral ligament

71
Q

the most usual ankle fracture that is produced is by an…

A

abduction-external rotation injury

72
Q

3 important zones of the lower limb

A
  1. the femoral triangle
  2. the adductor canal
  3. the popliteal fossa
73
Q

boundaries of the femoral triangle (superior/medial/lateral)

A

superiorly: the inguinal ligament
medially: medial border of the adductor longus
laterally: medial border of sartorius

74
Q

boundaries of the femoral triangle (roof/floor)

A

floor: iliacus, tendon of psoas, pectineus and adductor longus
roof: superficial fascia (superficial inguinal lymph nodes and great saphenous vein with tributaries and the deep fascia)

75
Q

contents of the femoral triangle

A

femoral vein, artery and nerve with the deep inguinal nodes

76
Q

are the inguinal nerves palpable in perfectly healthy people, why or why not

A

yes, because minor sepsis and abrasions of the leg are so common

77
Q

the adductor canal (of Hunter) boundaries

A

posteriorly: adductor longus and magnus
anterolaterally: vastus medialis
anteromedially: the sartorius which lies on a fascial sheet forming the roof of the canal

78
Q

contents of the adductor canal (of Hunter)

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve and in the upper part, the nerve to vastus medialis from the femoral nerve

79
Q

what is the popliteal fossa a continuation of

A

the adductor canal

80
Q

boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

superolaterally: biceps tendon
superomedially: semimembranosus reinforced by semitendinosus
infermedially. and inferolaterally: the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

81
Q

how many vertebrae in the vertebral column

A

33

82
Q

how many vertebrae are discrete

A

24

83
Q

how many are fused in the sacrum and coccyx

A

9

84
Q

most common fractures of the spine

A

T12, L1 and L2

85
Q

most common type of fracture in the vertebral column

A

flexion-compression tupe.

86
Q

most common cervical vertebrae to become fractured or dislocated is…

A

C7

87
Q

what may rupture with a fractured/dislocated C7

A

a rupture of the annulus fibrosus which causes the nucleus pulposes to protrude posteriorly into the vertebral canal

88
Q

whats it called when the annulus fibrosis ruptures and allows the nucleus pulposes to protrude

A

prolapsed intervertebral disc

89
Q

where do you perform a lumbar puncture to withdraw C.S.F.

A

the 4th lumbar vertebra

90
Q

what is penetrated with a lumbar puncture

A

the dura

91
Q

what is an extradural block

A

the extradural space can be entered by a needle passed either between the spinal laminae or via the sacral hiatus (caudal or sacral anaesthesia)

CCSB (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions