Vital Signs

Question 1

Oral Temperature

Answer 1

accurate and convenient

Question 2

Rectal Temperature

Answer 2

most accurate; only used when other routes are not practical; comatose, babies

Question 3

Tympanic Membrane Temperature

Answer 3

noninvasive, nontraumatic, extremely quick and efficient

Question 4

All Temps should be reported in….

Answer 4

degrees Celsius

Question 5

Stroke Volume

Answer 5

amount of blood every heartbeat pumps into the aorta

Question 6

Pulse

Answer 6

palpating peripheral pulse gives rate and rhythm of heartbeat as well as condition of artery; radial pulse typically palpated

Question 7

Assess pulse for…

Answer 7

rate (60-100 bpm); rhythm (pulse normally has even rhythm), force (strength of pulse, 3+, 2+, 1+, 0); elasticity

Question 8

Bradycardia

Answer 8

heart rate less than 60 bpm; normal for well trained atheletes

Question 9

Tachycardia

Answer 9

heart rate over 100 bpm; occurs with anxiety or exercise

Question 10

Sinus Arrhythmia

Answer 10

one irregularity commonly found in children and young adults

Question 11

Force of Pulse is strength of hearts stroke volume…

Answer 11

weak, thready pulse reflects a decreased stroke volume (occurs with hemorrhagic shock); full, bounding pulse denotes increased stroke volume, as with anxiety, exercise and some abnormal conditions

Question 12

3+

Answer 12

full, bounding

Question 13

2+

Answer 13

normal1

Question 14

1+

Answer 14

weak, thready

Question 15

0

Answer 15

absent

Question 16

Respirations

Answer 16

normally, persons breathing is relaxed, regular, automatic and silent; both pulse and respiratory rates rise in response to exercise or anxiety; 12-20 breaths pm

Question 17

Blood Pressure

Answer 17

force of blood pushing against the side of the vessel wall; avg is 120/80 but varies with age, gender, and race

Question 18

Systolic Pressure

Answer 18

max pressure felt on artery during left ventricular contraction or systole

Question 19

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 19

elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that blood exerts constatnly between each contraction

Question 20

Mean Arterial Pressure

Answer 20

pressure forcing blood into tissues, averaged over cardiac cycle

Question 21

BP and age, race, gender

Answer 21

Age: gradual rise thorugh childhood and into adult years; Gender- after puberty, females show a lower BP than males, after menopause, females higher than males; Race- african american adults BP usually higher than white persons of same age

Question 22

Acute Pain

Answer 22

short term, self limiting; injury or surgery

Question 23

Chronic Pain

Answer 23

continues 6 months or longer; last 5, 15, 0r 20 yrs or more

Question 24

Subjective Data- Pain

Answer 24

defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience; associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage; pain is always subject; PATIENT REPORT IS MOST RELIABLE INDICATOR OF PAIN; pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, exisiting whenever he or she says it does; pain occurs on a neurochemical level; clinicians cannot diagnosis pain exclusivel y on physical exmination findings

Question 25

Physiological responses to pain

Answer 25

joint swelling, deformity, decreased range of motion; absent of increased pain sensations; abdominal guarding, bulging, enlargment; tachycardia and elevated BP; hypoventilation, hypoxia; nausea vomiting, anxiety; chroni

Question 25

OLD CARTS

Answer 25

onset, location, duration, characteristics, alleviating/aggravating factors, related symptoms, timing, severity

Question 26

Acute Pain Behaviors

Answer 26

guarding, grimacing, moaning, agitation, restlessness, stillness, disphoresis, or change in vital signs

Question 27

Chronic Pain Behaviors

Answer 27

bracing, rubbing, diminished activity, sighing, and change in appetite